Iran J Vet Surg, Print ISSN: 2008-3033, Online ISSN: 2676-6299

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Basic science, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Sari, Iran.

4 Veterinary Clinician, Chabahar, Iran.

Abstract

Objective- This study was conducted to make a full understanding of the anatomic and ultrasonographic characteristics of digestive canal in Persian Sturgeon and provide standard approaches for performing digestive tract ultrasonography on this sturgeon species.
Design - Experimental study
Animals - 30 mature Persian sturgeons (Asipencer persicus) (15 females and 15 males)
Procedures- A potable ultrasonography machine was used and proper approaches were chosen according to the anatomical examination. First the ultrasonography of the organs (out of the body) was carried underwater, then the ultrasonography of the alive fish was done. Finally, dissection was used to compare the anatomy and ultrasonography results.
Results- There are folds on the internal surface of the esophagus. The esophageal wall was thin and hyperechoic with no clear layers. The proventriculus wall was visible as a completely hyperechoic layer in the region where it was attached to ventriculus. The muscular layer of the ventriculus was thicker than that of proventriculus. The pyloric caecum was seen to be located posterior to the ventriculus as a completely hypoechoic layer while the details were unclear. The wall layers of the small intestine were comprised of the 4 parts. The wall layers of spiral colon consisted of the 4 parts to.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- The study also presented a standard ultrasonography approach for the digestive canal of adult Persian sturgeon. According to this study the places of locating probe for digestive ultrasonography are between the pectoral fines for Esophagus, Liver, ventriculus, Proventriculus, Proximal part of the right pectoral fine for gallbladder and liver, Distal part of the left pectoral fine for ventriculus and pyloric caecum, Posterior to the pectoral fines for small intestine, Anterior to pelvic fines for small intestine and spiral colon and between pelvic fines for rectum, spiral colon, connection between the rectum and spiral colon.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Farrell AP. Cardiovascular Systems in Primitive Fishes, Fish Physiology, 2007, 26: 53-120.
  2. Goddard PJ. Veterinary Ultrasonography. CABI, London, UK, 1st edition, 1995, pp: 289-302.
  3. Gregory JA, Graham JB, Cech JJ, Dalton N, Michaels J, Lai NC. Pericardial and pericardioperitoneal canal relationships to cardiac function in the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A, 2004, 138: 203– 213.
  4. Icardo JM, Colvee E, Cerra MC, Tota B. The Structure of the Conus Arteriosus of the Sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) Heart. I: The Conus Valves and the Subendocardium. Anatomical Record, 2002, 267: 17–27.
  5. Icardo JM, Colvee E, Cerra MC, Tota B. The Structure of the Conus Arteriosus of the Sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) Heart: II. The Myocardium, the Subepicardium, and the Conus-Aorta Transition. Anatomical Record, 2002, 268: 388–398.
  6. Icardo JM, Guerrero A, Duran AC, Colvee E, Domezain A, Sans-Coma V. The Developmental Anatomy of the Heart of the Sturgeon Acipenser naccarii. Biology, Conservation and Sustainable Development of Sturgeons. Springer Science, 1st ed, Bern, Switzerland, 2009, pp: 137-152.
  7. Iuliis GD, Pulera D. The Dissection of Vertebrates, Academic Press, 2nd edition, Ontario, Canada, 2011, pp: 27-79.
  8. Kapoor BG, Khanna B. Ichthyology handbook. Springer Science, 1st edition, Berlin, Germany, 2004, pp: 249-308.
  9. Kardong K. Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. McGraw-Hill Education, 6th edition, New York, USA, 1998, pp: 287-656.

10. King GM, Custance DRN. Colour atlas of vertebrate anatomy. Ferdowsi university press, 1st edition, Mashhad, Iran, 1994, pp: 33-42.

11. Lai NC, Dalton N, Lai YY, Kwong C, Rasmussen R, Holts DB, Graham J. A comparative echocardiographic assessment of ventricular function in five species of sharks. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A, 2004, 137: 505-521.

12. Moghim M, Vajhi AR, Veshkini A, Masoudifard M Determination of Sex and Maturity in Acipenser stellatus by Using Ultrasonography. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2002, 18(4-6): 325-328.

13. Muñoz-Chápuli R, Pérez-Pomares JM, Macías D, García-Garrido L, Carmona R, González-Iriarte M. The epicardium as a source of mesenchyme for the developing heart, Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, 2001, 106: 187-196.

14. Rahmati holasoo H, Najafi GR, Seyrafi R, Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi HA, Shokrpoor S, Ghadam M, Ramzani S. Anatomical and histological investigation of the pyloric caeca in beluga (Huso huso), Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 2011, 4(3): 261-267.

15. Sun L, Lien CL, Xu X, Shung KK. In vivo cardiac imaging of adult zebrafish using high frequency ultrasound (45-75 MHz), Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 2008, 34: 31-39

16. Vajhi AR, Masoudifard M, Moghim M, Veshkini A, Zehtabvar O. Ultrasonography of the sturgeons for sex and maturity determination, University of Tehran press, Tehran, Iran, 2011, pp: 39-58.

17. Vajhi AR, Zehtabvar O, Masoudifard M, Moghim M, Akhtarzade M. Digestive system anatomy of the Acipenser persicus: New features, Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2013, 12(4): 939-946.

18. Zehtabvar O, Vajhi AR, Tootian Z, Masoudifard M, Sadeghinezhad J, Davudypoor S. Echocardiography and histology evaluation of the heart in the immature (2.5 years old) beluga. Journal of Veterinary Research, 2018, 72(4): 467-473.