https://www.ivsajournals.com/ Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery en daily 1 Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_225235.html N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used to treat respiratory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. In the present study, the effect of NAC was investigated on acute hyperglycemia induced by urethane (URE) in rats. The possible mechanisms including α2-adrenergic receptors and insulin (INS) involvements were explored by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of yohimbine (YOH, an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and determination of serum INS level, respectively. Thirty-five rats were divided into seven groups with equal number to receive IP injections of normal saline (NS), NAC, YOH, and a low dose combination of NAC and YOH before IP injection of URE. Another 20 rats were treated with NS, high doses of NAC, YOH, and their combination without receiving urethane. Time-dependent and percentage alterations in blood glucose level were measured and calculated, respectively. Serum INS level was measured with an enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kit and expressed as percentage. Time-dependent and percentage alterations of acute hyperglycemia induced by URE were reduced by 25 and 50 mg/kg NAC, 1 mg/kg YOH, and a combination treatment with low doses of NAC (12.5 mg/kg) and YOH (0.25 mg/kg). The urethane alone did not affect INS percentage, but NAC, YOH, and their combination increased it. Conscious rats showed no significant differences in blood glucose and serum INS levels. It is concluded that NAC produced an anti-hyperglycemic effect. This antihyperglycemic action of NAC might be mediated by α2-adrenergic receptors and pancreatic insulin. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_237479.html Wound healing consists of inflammatory, proliferation, and remodeling phases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of Ceratonia siliqua L. extract-loaded liposomes on wound healing. Ceratonia siliqua L. commonly called carob, is an evergreen tree that belongs to the Leguminosae family widely cultivated in Mediterranean countries. Twenty-five healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups of five animals each: SHAM group with only wound creation. EUCRN group: As a control group with wound creation as well as 5 g eucerin administered topically to the wound bed. NLPSM group: As a group with wound creation, as well as 5 ml nanoliposome (20 mg). EUCRN/NLPSM group: As a group with wound creation as well as 5 g eucerin containing 5 ml nanoliposome (20 mg). TRTMNT group: As a group with wound creation as well as 5 ml eucerin (5 g) containing nanoliposome (20 mg) loaded with hydroalcoholic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. The excisional wound model (8 mm in diameter) was used for biochemical (total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, Malondialdehyde levels, and glutathione peroxidase activity), histopathologic, and planimetric assessments. The wound area was significantly reduced in the TREATMENT group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Biochemical and quantitative histopathological analyses revealed a significant difference between TREATMENT and other groups (p < 0.05). Ceratonia siliqua L. extract-loaded nanoliposomes showed the potential to improve wound healing significantly. This appeared to work by angiogenesis stimulation, fibroblast proliferation, inflammation reduction, and granulation tissue formation during the initial stages of the healing process. This accelerated healing led to earlier wound area reduction of the damaged area due to the reorganization of granulation tissue and collagen fibers. Topical administration of Ceratonia siliqua L. extract-loaded nanoliposomes could be recommended for wound healing due to reducing wound healing acceleration. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_223454.html Cutaneous wound healing is a complex biological process involving inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, is known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its therapeutic potential in wound healing has not been previously explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical fisetin on skin wound healing in a rat model. Forty male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (no treatment), olive oil (vehicle), treatment 1 (T1; 10 mg/kg fisetin in olive oil), and treatment 2 (T2; 20 mg/kg fisetin in olive oil). A full-thickness dorsal wound (20 mm) was created in each rat. Treatments were administered topically for 14 days. Wound contraction was measured on days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14. Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), Total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed on day 14, and histological evaluation using H&E staining was performed on days 7 and 14. Fisetin significantly accelerated wound contraction, particularly in the T2 group. MDA and TOS levels were significantly reduced, while SOD and TAC were elevated in fisetin-treated groups compared to controls. Histopathological analysis revealed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, enhanced collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization, especially in the T2 group. Topical application of fisetin markedly improves cutaneous wound healing by modulating oxidative stress and enhancing tissue regeneration. These findings suggest fisetin as a promising natural agent for promoting skin repair and warrant further investigation in clinical settings. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_237401.html Varicocele is a common disorder in men characterized by abnormal dilation and tortuosity of the pampiniform venous plexus, often leading to testicular dysfunction. This study evaluated the protective effects of melatonin on serum testosterone levels, testicular histopathology, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene expression, and platelet indices in experimentally induced varicocele in rats. Twenty-four adults male Wistar rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): Control (sham-operated + saline), VC (varicocele-induced + saline), MEL (sham + melatonin 5 mg/kg orally), and VC-MEL (varicocele-induced + melatonin 5 mg/kg for 4 weeks). Body weight (BW1, BW2), testes weight (TW), hormone levels, BCL-2 mRNA expression, and platelet parameters were analyzed. The VC group showed the greatest BW2 reduction and lowest TW (213.84 g and 0.604 g, respectively), along with the lowest BCL-2 expression (0.102) and testosterone levels (0.87 ng/ml). Histologically, only spermatocyte cells were observed in this group based on Johnson's score. The control group had the highest platelet count (PLT: 241.004 ×10³/µl), while the VC group exhibited elevated PCT (0.42%), MPV (5.96 fL), and PDW (18.4%). Melatonin administration significantly improved all measured parameters, likely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It enhanced testosterone production, upregulated BCL-2 expression, improved testicular histology, and normalized platelet indices. These findings suggest that melatonin may offer therapeutic benefits in managing varicocele-related damage in experimental models. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_226125.html The process of wound and fracture healing comprises several stages, some of which necessitate the use of enhancers. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of gentamicin-clindamycin (GEN/CLI) loaded in calcium phosphate (CaP) beads as potential treatment modalities for contaminated wounds and fracture healing in avian patients. Six (6) avian patients of various species with contaminated wounds, open and closed fractures, or lumps requiring surgical intervention were enrolled in the study. The CaP beads were loaded with gentamicin and clindamycin antibiotics before being implanted during surgical procedures. A radiographic and a modified Southampton surgical wound scoring system were used to assess bone fractures and wounds, respectively. All scores were checked for coherence, and the findings were compared across days using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey-Kramer (HSD) test. There were significant differences in the wound healing progression based on the modified Southampton ranking periodically at p < 0.05. The radiographic assessment demonstrated the biocompatibility of CaP beads, which aided in the formation of new bone tissue while causing no adverse effect. The use of GEN/CLI-loaded CaP beads demonstrated promising results in enhancing both wound and fracture healing in avian patients. The treatment was well-tolerated, promoted new bone formation, and showed no adverse effects, indicating good biocompatibility. The statistically significant improvement in healing progression supports the potential of this approach as an effective therapeutic option. Given the current lack of research in this area, especially concerning avian species, the findings highlight the clinical value of GEN/CLI-loaded CaP beads as a suitable and beneficial adjunct in the surgical management of contaminated wounds and fractures in birds, with potential relevance to other animal species facing comparable clinical conditions. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_237402.html This randomized controlled study evaluated the comparative efficacy of meloxicam and methadone on postoperative analgesia and cardiorespiratory parameters in 24 female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). After premedication with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and morphine (0.05 mg/kg) intramuscularly, anesthesia was induced intravenously with propofol at 6 mg/kg, titrated to effect. The dogs were maintained on isoflurane and 100% oxygen at a rate of 100 mL/kg/min. The dogs, then, underwent OHE with continuous monitoring of physiologic variables. Immediately after the final skin suture, the dogs were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: saline (SAL, n = 8), meloxicam (MEL, 0.2 mg/kg, n = 8), or methadone (MET, 0.2 mg/kg, n = 8), all administered IV. Postoperatively, cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded. Pain was assessed using three pain scoring scales. Inflammatory/stress markers (cortisol, glucose, lactate, TNFα, IL-1β) were also measured. The results showed that methadone-treated dogs exhibited lower heart rates and required less rescue analgesia compared to the SAL. The Glasgow Composite Pain Scale-Short Form was lower at 30 minutes in the MEL compared to the MET. Dogs in the MEL and MET showed some benefits in modulating inflammatory markers, which were more pronounced in the MEL. In conclusion, methadone provided more effective postoperative pain control and contributed to better cardiorespiratory stability in canine ovariohysterectomy compared to placebo and meloxicam. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_219446.html Varicocele, characterized by the abnormal tortuosity and dilation of the pampiniform plexus veins in the spermatic cord, is the most common surgically correctable cause of male infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of royal jelly on sperm parameters and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in a rat model of varicocele. Thirty adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): control, varicocele, varicocele with low-dose royal jelly (50 mg/kg), varicocele with medium-dose royal jelly (100 mg/kg), and varicocele with high-dose royal jelly (200 mg/kg). After a 28-day treatment period, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm parameters, and IVF outcomes were assessed. The varicocele group showed significant reductions in TAC, sperm count, motility, viability, and embryonic development outcomes, including zygote formation, two-cell embryos, blastocysts, and hatched embryos, compared to the control group. Royal jelly treatment improved sperm parameters, fertilization rates, and embryo development in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that royal jelly mitigates the adverse effects of varicocele on fertility in rat, likely due to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_242873.html This study compared intraosseous (IO) propofol with inhalational isoflurane anesthesia in 12 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits, evaluating clinical performance, physiological stability, and factors predicting recovery. Animals were randomly assigned to receive either intraosseous propofol or isoflurane for a 30-minute anesthetic period, and cardiopulmonary variables were recorded every 5 minutes. Loss of pedal and palpebral reflexes occurred faster with propofol, with mean times of 1.15 minutes and 0.47 minutes, compared with 2.03 minutes and 1.02 minutes with isoflurane (p < 0.05). The total duration of anesthesia was longer with propofol (36.33 minutes versus 33.58 minutes; p < 0.05), as was recovery time (6.92 minutes versus 5.00 minutes; p < 0.05). Anesthesia and recovery quality scores showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Propofol produced higher early post-induction heart rates (p < 0.05) and greater temperature fluctuations, whereas isoflurane maintained higher oxygen saturation throughout anesthesia (p < 0.05). Predictive modelling showed that changes in oxygen saturation and rectal temperature independently predicted recovery time (p < 0.05). Logistic regression classified recovery quality with 85.4 percent accuracy, identifying changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation as significant predictors (all p < 0.05). Decision tree analysis achieved 88.9 percent accuracy and ranked changes in oxygen saturation and rectal temperature as the strongest determinants of recovery quality. Overall, intraosseous propofol provided rapid induction and acceptable stability but required closer support to maintain body temperature and oxygenation. Isoflurane offered better control of oxygen saturation and temperature. The modelling results highlight the importance of maintaining adequate oxygen saturation, body temperature, and respiratory stability to optimize recovery from anesthesia in rabbits. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_226347.html Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition characterized by primary mechanical damage followed by secondary injury mechanisms, which worsen cellular dysfunction and death. Current treatment strategies remain insufficient in mitigating the full consequences of SCI. Metformin (Met) has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system (CNS), raising interest in its therapeutic potential for SCI. However, whether a chitosan (CH) hydrogel loaded with Met can enhance functional recovery after SCI remains unclear. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: a sham group, an SCI group (negative control, NC), and three groups receiving CH hydrogel containing 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg of Met. Behavioral assessments, including locomotor scoring and sensorimotor function tests, demonstrated that sustained delivery of the metformin-chitosan hydrogel significantly enhanced functional recovery in spinal cord-injured rats compared to untreated controls. Quantitative analysis revealed notable improvements in hindlimb coordination, weight-bearing capacity, and reflex responses, suggesting partial restoration of neural circuitry. Furthermore, the CH/Met hydrogel group exhibited accelerated recovery kinetics, with earlier onset of motor improvements relative to standard treatments. These findings collectively supported the therapeutic efficacy of CH/Met hydrogel in mitigating SCI-related deficits, potentially through its combined neuroprotective and regenerative mechanisms. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_243763.html The present investigation explores the cranial anatomy of the European badger (Meles meles) through computed tomography (CT), aiming to fill existing gaps in wild-carnivore osteology and supply a reliable imaging benchmark for veterinary practice. Given the limited CT-based documentation of mustelid skulls, this work addresses a critical need for precise anatomical references in wildlife medicine. Five adult female cadavers (body mass 8.85–10.32 kg), collected in Semnan Province, Iran, underwent high-resolution scanning (Siemens Somatom Spirit). Volume-rendered 3D models and multiplanar transverse slices disclosed a stout zygomatic arch, an enlarged infraorbital foramen, and sharply defined external sagittal and nuchal crests—features linked to powerful mastication and burrowing. The frontal sinus appeared expansive, conferring structural rigidity, whereas the maxillary recess and sphenoid sinus were compact yet distinct. Within the nasal cavity, elongated dorsal nasal conchae, a midline septum, and a robust vomer with pronounced ventral grooves collectively optimize olfactory performance. Unlike earlier linear morphometric reports, these volumetric data reveal previously undescribed internal compartmentalization and spatial relationships. The study thus furnishes a diagnostic foundation for cranial trauma, neoplasia, and sinus pathology in wild carnivores while highlighting CT’s superiority in capturing species-specific functional morphology. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_231861.html The effects of vitamin D may accelerate wound healing and have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study aimed to determine the effect of topical vitamin D on the healing of second-degree burn wounds in Wistar rats. This experimental in vitro study involved a sample of 32 male Wistar rats. Superficial second-degree burns were induced in the hairless back of the animals. They were randomly divided into four equal groups. In the burnt area, no topical treatment was applied in the control group. In the Vaseline group, a petroleum-based ointment was applied twice daily for 14 days. In the vitamin D group, topical vitamin D ointment, specifically 50 micrograms per gram, was applied twice daily, and in the Silver sulfadiazine cream group, silver sulfadiazine cream was applied twice daily for 14 days. To evaluate the efficacy of treatment, four rats in each group were anesthetized on days 0, 7, and 14, and their skin was processed for histological examination. At the end of the study, the area of the wound in the Vaseline group decreased more than other groups (75.02 ± 21.77 cm2) (p = 0.03). The mean wound healing percentage was 38.23 ± 6.53 cm2 in the Vaseline group, 45.61 ± 6.53 cm2 in the vitamin D group, 43.59 ± 3.33 cm2 in the silver group, and 63.58 ± 5.51 cm2 in the control group; the Vaseline group had a significant difference with all three other groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, vitamin D ointment improved histological changes of tissue components in the process of healing; therefore, the maximal rate of healing was seen in the Vaseline group. These findings suggest that they can be used as topical treatment agents for burn wounds. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_237258.html Congenital neoplasms in calves are uncommon. Hemangiosarcoma is a vascular endothelial tumor is more common in adult dogs, but rare reports in ruminants predominantly documented in adult cattle viscera or stillborn calves. Present report is a case of congenital subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma in a live neonatal calf, emphasizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. A 40-day-old male calf presented with a large (15 × 17 × 10 cm), firm subcutaneous mass in the ventral cervical region that evident since birth. Clinical signs included mild fever, tachycardia, anemia, leukocytosis, and rumen acidosis. Also, concurrent mild prognathism was noted. Ultrasonography revealed heterogeneous hypoechoic tissue with anechoic vascular structures and hyperechoic foci. Fine-needle aspiration yielded only blood, prompting surgical biopsy under local anesthesia. Histopathology revealed unencapsulated, blood-filled channels lined by pleomorphic endothelial cells with atypia, mitoses, hemorrhage, necrosis, thrombosis, and intravascular invasion, confirming hemangiosarcoma. Surgical resection was deemed high risk due to the extensive vascularity, size, and adjacency to vital cervical structures. Conservative care (anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, dietary adjustments) was considered. Three-month follow-up showed enlargement of the mass and impaired growth of the calf. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first report of congenital subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma in a live calf. Survival without surgical intervention suggests the potential for a less aggressive behavior of this tumor in the neonate calf, whereas the prognosis in the adult cow has been grave. Further research into the etiology, behavior, diagnosis, and management of congenital vascular neoplasms in calves is warranted. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_230486.html This study investigates the radiographic anatomy of the forelimb and hindlimb skeletons in the critically endangered Kaiser’s Mountain newt (Neurergus kaiseri), an endemic Iranian salamander. Using non-invasive digital mammography (32 kVp, 80 mAs), we analyzed the osteology of 10 adult specimens (5 males, 5 females) to characterize appendicular skeletal features. The scapulocoracoid was a single bony unit with a prominent glenoid cavity and supracoracoid foramen. The humerus exhibited flattened cranial and caudal crests, while the radius and ulna remained separate, with distinct proximal/distal width patterns. The carpus comprised seven bones (ulnare, radiale, prepollicis, centrale, distal carpals 3–4, and basale commune), and the manus displayed four digits with a phalangeal formula of 2-3-2-2. The pelvic girdle fused into an ilium-ischiopubic plate, lacking an obturator foramen. The femur was longer than the humerus, featuring a medially oriented head and a hook-shaped trochanter. The tibia and fibula were equal in length but shorter than the femur. The pes had five digits (phalangeal formula: 2-2-3-3-2) and seven tarsal bones, including a fused basale commune (distal tarsals 4–5). Comparative analysis revealed key differences from related species (Hynobius setouchi, Batrachuperus londongensis), such as carpal/tarsal bone counts and fusion patterns. These findings provide foundational data for ecological, evolutionary, and conservation studies, highlighting mammography as a viable, non-invasive tool for skeletal research in delicate amphibians. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_237403.html Osteopenia and metabolic bone disease (MBD) are common in captive chelonians and are most often attributable to inadequate ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and dietary calcium–vitamin D imbalance. Clinical signs are frequently nonspecific and may coexist with reproductive, gastrointestinal, or urinary disorders that complicate diagnosis and management. A female desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) presented with prolonged brumation and progressive anorexia. Survey radiography revealed four concurrent abnormalities: (1) a thin-walled mineralized left coelomic structure consistent with a retained egg; (2) segmental gas distension with granular radiopaque material compatible with partial gastrointestinal obstruction; (3) a multilayered mineral opacity within the mid-coelom consistent with a cystic calculus; and (4) generalized decreased bone density with a pathologic fracture of the proximal right fibula, confirming osteopenia. The findings supported a multifactorial etiology in which nutritional/calcium–vitamin D deficiency and suboptimal husbandry were compounded by reproductive and obstructive gastrointestinal pathology. Treatment prioritized husbandry correction (optimized UVB lighting and photoperiod), dietary calcium and vitamin D supplementation, analgesia and supportive fluid/nutritional care, and targeted management of the obstructive and reproductive lesions. Owner education and close follow-up were instituted. This case highlights the diagnostic value of plain radiography in chelonians with vague systemic signs and illustrates how inadequate husbandry can precipitate reproductive, gastrointestinal, and urinary complications that exacerbate skeletal demineralization. Preventive measures — evidence-based UVB provisioning, balanced dietary calcium/phosphorus, and routine imaging of at-risk animals — are essential to reduce MBD morbidity in Gopherus agassizii. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_225234.html Reperfusion following ischemia can lead to metabolic and structural damage to the liver. Fargesin, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, holds potential applications in the development of drugs targeting inflammatory disorders. Most recent studies on fargesin have focused on its anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fargesin on liver function, as well as its antioxidant and inflammatory status, following the induction of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver of rats. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10: (1) Sham group: rats without any surgical intervention, (2) Surgical control group: rats subjected to surgery without ischemia-reperfusion, (3) Ischemia-reperfusion group: rats exposed to ischemia followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion, and (4) Ischemia-reperfusion with fargesin treatment group: rats that received fargesin at a dose of 50 mg/kg P.O via gavage for 12 weeks post-ischemia. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected, and the animals were sacrificed. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. In the liver tissue homogenates, levels of malondialdehyde and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were assessed. Histopathological examination of liver tissue was performed using light microscopy. In group 4, fargesin significantly (p < 0.05) reduced elevated levels of liver damage marker enzymes, decreased lipid peroxidation, and restored diminished antioxidant levels in the liver. Additionally, histopathological changes in the livers of fargesin-treated rats were significantly ameliorated. The results suggest that fargesin, with its anti-inflammatory properties, exhibits protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury and could be a potential therapeutic agent for managing ischemia-reperfusion-related liver damage. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_243401.html This case report describes the successful diagnosis and surgical management of unilateral cryptorchidism in an adult male domestic shorthair cat with a non-palpable, sonographically occult testis. Initial ultrasonography failed to localize the retained testis. Endocrine testing revealed a baseline testosterone of 91.10 ng/dL, which rose to 298.25 ng/dL four hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation, confirming viable testicular tissue. Non-contrast CT subsequently localized the testis to the right inguinal/subcutaneous region. Thirty-one days later, the cat underwent a targeted inguinal approach for removal of the retained testis and concurrent castration of the contralateral scrotal testis. Intraoperatively, the testis was found more caudal than where computed tomography (CT) indicated before. The histopathological analysis of cryptorchid testes reveals significant changes, such as atrophy, reduced diameter of the seminiferous tubules, and absence of spermatogonia. The case supports a stepwise diagnostic pathway (palpation, ultrasonography, hCG stimulation, and CT when needed) to combine functional and anatomic data for precise surgical planning. CT should be used judiciously due to radiation and anesthesia concerns. Notably, the observed distal shift of the retained testis between diagnostic hCG administration and surgery suggests that some degree of canalicular mobility may persist in adult cats, underscoring the importance of minimizing the time between imaging and surgical intervention when endocrine stimulation is used. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_219500.html Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent microorganisms in both medical and veterinary field. This bacterium often could infect in areas of damaged skin, such as abrasions and open wound. This research aims to detect the common type and antibiotic resistant pattern of isolated S. aureus in wound specimens. One hundred and fifty wound swabs were collected from human, sheep and goat (50 equal samples) in West and East Azarbaijan provinces (Iran). All swabs' samples were transferred to the laboratory in peptone water broth near ice box. The samples were cultured aerobically on sheep blood agar medium at 37 °C for 24 h. Then polymerase chain reaction was used for amplification 16S rRNA and mecA genes to identify the S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Then antimicrobial susceptibility test was done for antibiotic resistant patterns configuration using some antibiotic discs. S. aureus was isolated from 19 wound samples and 6 isolates were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The higher and lower isolate was belonged to human (52 %) and goat (8%), also 40 % of sheep wound samples were infected by S. aureus. No animal wound samples had MRSA while six human specimens were infected by MRSA. All isolates were sensitive against cefepime, imipenem and carbapenem and the higher resistances were seen against penicillin, vancomycin and cefazolin. It's concluded that MRSA is common in infected human wound and today new generation of cephalosporins are useful for treatment of many multidrug resistant bacteria. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_237400.html A rat testis model was used to assess the effects of nano-propolis liposomes on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Twenty-four healthy male Wistar rats were included and randomised into six investigational groups (n = 6): Group SHAM: only laparotomy was implemented. Group ISCHEMIA: only a 3-hour ischemia was induced. Group IS/REP: A 3-hour ischemia followed by 3 hours reperfusion for the left testis and one week reperfusion for the right testis was performed with 1 ml normal saline that was gavaged 1 hour before the onset of ischemia. Group IS/REP/NPL: As in group IS/REP, but with 1 ml nano-propolis liposomes gavaged 1 hour before the onset of ischemia. Evaluations were based on biochemical analyses and sperm parameters. Propolis enhanced antioxidant activity and quality of sperm parameters (p < 0.05). Nano-propolis liposomes could help minimize ischemia-reperfusion injury in testicular tissue exposed to ischemia. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_233919.html Feline nasopharyngeal polyps are benign, pedunculated, inflammatory lesions typically originating from the mucosa of the nasopharynx, auditory tube, or tympanic bulla. These polyps predominantly affect cats younger than three years of age and present with upper respiratory and vestibular symptoms. This case report describes a 15-month-old male domestic shorthair cat suffering from progressive respiratory distress, stridor, and dyspnea. Radiographic imaging revealed a soft tissue mass posterior to the soft palate, in the nasopharyngeal region. Following a thorough diagnostic evaluation, surgical removal of the polyp was performed. Histopathological examination of the excised mass revealed a suppurative granuloma composed primarily of neutrophilic infiltration and fibrous stroma. The patient, after a year's follow-up, had no signs and no clinical sign of recurrence. The present case emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis, the value of complete surgical excision, and long-term monitoring to detect potential recurrence. Surgical management is the choice treatment for nasopharyngeal polyps, and outcomes are generally favorable when performed with appropriate technique and follow-up care. https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_233920.html This study describes the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, surgical treatment, and outcome of an unusual extradural vertebral chondrosarcoma in a dog. A 6-year-old neutered male Poodle-Terrier with an extradural chondrosarcoma diagnosed at the level of the T11 vertebra, following surgical excision by dorsal laminectomy. Clinical, radiographic, MRI, histopathologic, and postoperative rehabilitation data were assessed. Following the sudden onset of pelvic limb paralysis in the dog, MRI revealed a lobulated, extradural mass at the T11 vertebra (13 × 7 mm) hyperintense on T2-weighted images, causing compression of the spinal cord. Surgical removal revealed a chondrosarcoma with a soft, pale pink to white gross appearance. Rehabilitation following surgery, including physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, and laser therapy, resulted in weight-bearing recovery within 3 months, while the dog never acquired the ability to stand without support until 9 months despite 80 sessions of physiotherapy. No metastasis was observed after surgery. This case exemplifies the diagnostic utility of MRI for detection of extradural spinal tumors and potential surgical resection for improving quality of life, but long-term prognosis can be reserved due to incomplete functional recovery and local aggressiveness of the tumor.