Background: The rigid shell of chelonians complicates the physical examination of coelomic organs, necessitating the use of advanced imaging. While computed tomography (CT) is increasingly employed, detailed, species-specific anatomical references are scarce for many tortoises, including the Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans).

Objectives: This study aimed to provide a detailed anatomical reference of the non-respiratory coelomic organs in G. elegans by correlating gross dissection findings with non-contrast CT images.

Methods: Ten adult male Indian star tortoises underwent full-body CT scans. Subsequently, a systematic gross dissection was performed (on two samples). The topography, morphology, and in-situ relationships of the visceral organs were documented and compared with their corresponding CT appearance.

Results: The liver exhibited three lobes between the 2nd–5th ribs, with a cranially positioned hypoattenuating gallbladder. The spleen was located more cranially than in E. orbicularis, between ribs 2–3. The pancreas showed bilateral extension and attenuation similar to the liver. Kidneys were dorsocaudal and hyperattenuating; urinary bladder collapsed post mortem. Testes were ventrocranial, ovoid, and orange yellow, contrasting the caudal testicular position of aquatic species. Gastrointestinal organs followed a distinct left to right curvature, with a compact stomach and gas filled small intestine. The large intestine ended in a well developed cecum, reflecting herbivorous adaptation.

Conclusions: This study provides a foundational anatomical and CT description of the coelomic cavity of G. elegans. The unique cranial spleen position is a critical species-specific finding for clinicians. Furthermore, the extensive intestinal gas highlights a significant limitation of non-contrast CT for evaluating retrocoelomic and adjacent organs in this species, guiding future diagnostic approaches.

Keywords: Anatomy, Chelonia, Computed Tomography, Geochelone elegans, Indian Star Tortoise, Topography, Veterinary Imaging.