Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Echocardiography Evaluation of Cardiac Performance in Cats Anesthetized by a Combination of Ketamine-Xylazine and Ketamine-Detomidine with Standard Incisions

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Elya Adelvina Nasution 1
Etriwati Etriwati 2
Hennivanda Hennivanda 3
Sugito Sugito 4
Nuzul Asmilia 4
Rumi Sahara Zamzami 4
Erwin Erwin 4
1 Master’s Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
2 Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
3 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
4 Laboratory of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
10.30500/ivsa.2026.560383.1473
Abstract
The heart is crucial in maintaining hemodynamic stability during anesthesia. The anesthetic combination of ketamine-xylazine is commonly used in cats, while the use of ketamine-detomidine is still limited and comparative data of their cardiovascular effect based on echocardiograph is still few. This research aims to evaluate the changes of physiological parameters and echocardiographs in cats anesthetized by the combination of ketamine-xylazine (KX) and ketamine-detomidine (KD) during a standard incision procedure. This parallel experimental study used 10 healthy male domestic cats aged 1.5–2 years and weighing 2–4 kg divided randomly into two treatment groups. Observation was conducted on 0, 30, and 60 minutes, measuring physiological parameters, left heart structure, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS). Data obtained were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and the Bonferroni follow-up test. Results of this research showed that most echocardiography parameters are not significantly different based on time and treatment group. However, time factor significantly affects several physiological parameters and cardiac output (CO), while treatment group significantly affects EF dan FS. Descriptively, the KD group showed lower EF and FS value compared to KX. In conclusion, KX and KD combination caused short-term physiological and cardiovascular changes in male domestic cat. The interpretation of this study is limited by the small number of samples and limited hemodynamic evaluation.
Keywords
Anesthetic
Echocardiography
Heart function
Cat
Ketamine-detomidine
Ketamine-xylazine
Subjects
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 18 July 2026

  • Receive Date 18 November 2025
  • Revise Date 18 June 2026
  • Accept Date 18 July 2026
  • First Publish Date 18 July 2026