Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Application of Propolis Ethanol Extract and Propolis Nanoemulsion in Treatment of Cutaneous Infection in Rabbit

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Talieh Archin 1
Abdolghaffar Ownagh 1
Ali Asghar Tehrani 2
Sajjad Keshipour 3
1 Department of Micrbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Department of Nanochemistry, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
10.30500/ivsa.2023.406673.1359
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens in humans and animals. Natural antibacterial compounds like propolis are the best substitute for antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Ethanolic extract of propolis, propolis nanoemulsion, and their combinations with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of experimental wound infection contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbits. Propolis was obtained from a different region of Western Azerbaijan in the year 2018. Then the ethanol extract of propolis was prepared. And so, nanoemulsion of propolis was prepared. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of propolis and propolis nanoemulsion on P. aeruginosa. 28 rabbits used in 7 groups: Negative control (CO), Tween 20 (T), extract of propolis (P), nanoemulsion of propolis (NP), ciprofloxacin (C), ciprofloxacin+ extract of propolis (C + P), ciprofloxacin + nanoemulsion of propolis (C + NP). Full-thickness skin wound was created under general anesthesia and bacterial suspension (108 CFU/ml) was inoculated to each wound site. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and Superficial bacterial load of wounds were studied on days 7, 14, and 21. The number of bacteria in treatment groups was significantly lower than in negative control groups (p < 0.05). The macroscopic evaluation of wounds showed that C+P and C+NP enhanced wound closure in comparison with the negative control group and ciprofloxacin (p < 0.05). Histopathology assessment of the wound showed that the combination of C+P, and C+NP had a better and faster healing effect than the other groups, however, its difference was significant only when compared to CO, C, and T groups (p < 0.05). The results of the present study showed that a combination of ciprofloxacin + ethanolic extract of propolis and ciprofloxacin + propolis nanoemulsion had better therapeutic effects than either agent alone.
Keywords
Rabbit
Cutaneous infection
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Propolis ethanol extract
Propolis nanoemulsion
Subjects
  1. Salami N, Hosseinzadeh M, Karimi R. Study the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of propolis and balsam against a imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2016; 8: 542-545.
  2. Pang Z, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Lin TJ, Cheng Z. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Biotechnology Advances. 2019; 37(1): 177-192.
  3. Rizzi SC, Upton Z, Bott K, Dargaville TR. Recent advances in dermal wound healing: biomedical device approaches. Expert Review of Medical Devices. 2010; 7: 143-154.
  4. Burke JP. Infection control-A problem for patient safety. New England Journal of Medicine. 2003; 348: 651-656.
  5. Bratzler DW, Houck PM. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: an advisory statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. American Journal of Surgery. 2005; 189(4): 395-404.
  6. Bowler P, Duerden B, Armstrong DG. Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2001; 14: 244-269.
  7. Lo SF, Hayter M, Chang CJ, Hu WY, Lee LL. A systematic review of silver‐releasing dressings in the management of infected chronic wounds. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2008; 17: 1973-1985.
  8. Niculae M, Laura S, Emoke P, Pastiu AI, Balaci IM, Muste S, Spino M. In vitro synergistic antimicrobial activity of Romanian propolis and antibiotics against Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2015; 43: 327-334.
  9. Mason TG, Wilking JN, Meleson K, Chang CB, Graves SM. Nanoemulsions: formation, structure, and physical properties. Journal of Physics. 2006; 18: 635.
  10. Lu L-C, Chen Y-W, Chou C-C. Antibacterial activity of propolis against Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2005; 102: 213-220.
  11. Sh A, Abdelrazeik A, Rakha O. Nanoemulsion of jojoba oil, preparation, characterization and insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: Curculionidae) on wheat. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research. 2015; 4: 72-75.
  12. Carson CF, Mee BJ, Riley TV. Mechanism of action of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil on Staphylococcus aureus determined by time-kill, lysis, leakage, and salt tolerance assays and electron microscopy. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2002; 46: 1914-1920.
  13. Cockerill FR. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: twenty-first informational supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2011.
  14. Zeighampour F, Mohammadi SM, Shams E, Naghavi NS. Antibacterial activity of propolis ethanol extract against antibiotic resistance bacteria isolated from burn wound infections. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2014; 16(3): 25-30.
  15. Kalia P, Kumar NR, Harjai K. Synergistic effect of propolis with cefixime against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium: An in vitro Indian journal of Natural Products and Resources 2017; 8(2): 140-145.
  16. Baumans V, Van Loo P. How to improve housing conditions of laboratory animals: the possibilities of environmental refinement. The Veterinary Journal. 2013; 195: 24-32.
  17. Onlen Y, Tamer C, Oksuz H, Duran N, Altug ME, Yakan S. Comparative trial of different anti-bacterial combinations with propolis and ciprofloxacin on Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits. Microbiological Research. 2007; 162: 62-68.
  18. Olugbuyiro JA, Abo K, Leigh O. Wound healing effect of Flabellaria paniculata leaf extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2010; 127:786-128.
  19. Yates CC, Whaley D, Babu R, Zhang J, Krishna P, Beckman E, Pasculle AW, Wells A. The effect of multifunctional polymer-based gels on wound healing in full thickness bacteria-contaminated mouse skin wound models. Biomaterials. 2007; 28: 3977-3986.
  20. Kwan KH, Liu X, To MK, Yeung KW, Ho C-m, Wong KK. Modulation of collagen alignment by silver nanoparticles results in better mechanical properties in wound healing. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 2011; 7: 497-504.
  21. Singer M, Nambiar S, Valappil T, Higgins K, Gitterman S. Historical and regulatory perspectives on the treatment effect of antibacterial drugs for community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2008; 47: 216-224.
  22. Weir E, Lawlor A, Whelan A, Regan F. The use of nanoparticles in anti-microbial materials and their characterization. Analyst. 2008; 133: 835-845.
  23. Jiang B, Larson JC, Drapala PW, Pérez‐Luna VH, Kang‐Mieler JJ, Brey EM. Investigation of lysine acrylate containing poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels as wound dressings in normal and infected wounds. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 2012; 100: 668-676.
  24. Mihu MR, Sandkovsky U, Han G, Friedman JM, Nosanchuk JD, Martinez LR. The use of nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles as a treatment against Acinetobacter baumannii in wound infections. Virulence. 2010; 1: 62-67.
  25. Süntar IP, Akkol EK, Yılmazer D, Baykal T, Kırmızıbekmez H, Alper M, Yeşilada E. Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2010; 127: 468-477.
  26. Abramov Y, Golden B, Sullivan M, Botros SM, Miller JJR, Alshahrour A, Goldberg RP, Sand PK. Histologic characterization of vaginal vs. abdominal surgical wound healing in a rabbit model. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2007; 15: 80-86.
  27. Etheridge ML, Campbell SA, Erdman AG, Haynes CL, Wolf SM, McCullough J. The big picture on nanomedicine: the state of investigational and approved nanomedicine products. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 2013; 9: 1-14.
  28. Pal S, Tak YK, Song JM. Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2007; 73: 1712-1720.
  29. Ranjbar-Mohammadi M, Rabbani S, Bahrami SH, Joghataei M, Moayer F. Antibacterial performance and in vivo diabetic wound healing of curcumin loaded gum tragacanth/poly (ε-caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers. Materials Science and Engineering. 2016; 69: 1183-1191.
  30. Li Q, Mahendra S, Lyon DY, Brunet L, Liga MV, Li D, Alvarez PJ. Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: potential applications and implications. Water Research. 2008; 42: 4591-4602.
  31. Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnology Advances. 2009; 27: 76-83.
  32. Orsi RdO, Sforcin JM, Funari SRC, Fernandes Junior A, Bankova V. Synergistic effect of propolis and antibiotics on the Salmonella typhi. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2006; 37: 108-112.
  33. Stepanović S, Antić N, Dakić I, Švabić-Vlahović M. In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and synergism between propolis and antimicrobial drugs. Microbiological Research. 2003; 158: 353-157.
  34. Orsi RdO, Fernandes A, Bankova V, Sforcin J. The effects of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis in vitro against Salmonella typhi and their synergism with antibiotics acting on the ribosome. Natural Product Research. 2012; 26: 430-437.
  35. Kalia P, Kumar NR, Harjai K. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of different extracts of propolis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research. 2013; 3:219-222.
  36. Kalia P, Kumar NR, Harjai K. The therapeutic potential of propolis against damage caused by Salmonella typhimurium in mice liver: A biochemical and histological study. Archives of Biological Sciences. 2015; 67: 807-816.
  37. Kalia P, Kumar NR, Harjai K. Studies on the therapeutic effect of propolis along with standard antibacterial drug in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infected BALB/c mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016; 16: 485.
  38. Aga H, Shibuya T, Sugimoto T, Kurimoto M, Nakajima S. Isolation and identification of antimicrobial compounds in Brazilian propolis. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 1994; 58: 945-946.
  39. Scazzocchio F, D’auria F, Alessandrini D, Pantanella F. Multifactorial aspects of antimicrobial activity of propolis. Microbiological Research. 2006; 161: 327-333.
  40. Marcucci M. Propolis: Chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity. Apidology. 1995; 26: 83-99.
  41. Adams SB, Jr., Sabesan VJ, Easley ME. Wound healing agents. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. 2012; 24: 255-260.
  42. Robson MC, Mannari RJ, Smith PD, Payne WG. Maintenance of wound bacterial balance. American Journal of Surgery. 1999; 178: 399-402.
  43. Robson MC. Wound infection: A failure of wound healing caused by an imbalance of bacteria. Surgical Clinics of North America. 1997; 77: 637-650.
  44. Ibrahim NA. Evaluation of the effect of bee propolis cream on wound healing in experimentally induced type I diabetes mellitus: A histological and immunohistochemical study. Egyptian Journal of Histology. 2013; 36: 847-856.
  45. Abu-Seida AM. Effect of propolis on experimental cutaneous wound healing in dogs. Veterinary Medicine International. 2015; 672643: 1-4.
  46. Ali BMM, Ghoname NF, Hodeib AA, Elbadawy MA. Significance of topical propolis in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology. 2015; 35: 29.
  47. Ownagh A, Adibhesami M. Treatment of vaginal candidiasis by ethanolic extract of propolis in rabbit. Armaghane Danesh. 2012. 17(3): 233-242.

  • Receive Date 12 July 2023
  • Revise Date 01 September 2023
  • Accept Date 13 September 2023
  • First Publish Date 13 September 2023