Comparison of Three Stages of Chemical Immobilization and Changes in Vital Signs in Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena) under Immobilization with Ketamine-Medetomidine, Ketamine-Xylazine, and Butorphanol-Medetomidine-Midazolam

Saeidi, Ehsan; Kheradmand, Foozhan

doi:10.30500/ivsa.2024.422389.1372

Comparison of Three Stages of Chemical Immobilization and Changes in Vital Signs in Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena) under Immobilization with Ketamine-Medetomidine, Ketamine-Xylazine, and Butorphanol-Medetomidine-Midazolam

Document Type : Clinical Report

Authors

Ehsan Saeidi ¹^{, 2}

Foozhan Kheradmand ²

¹ Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy

² Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.

10.30500/ivsa.2024.422389.1372

Abstract

Chemical immobilization is a fundamental aspect of wildlife conservation and can be extremely detrimental if proper protocols are not administered. This report compares the duration of different stages of anesthesia in striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) immobilized with different combinations of ketamine (2.5-3 mg/kg)-medetomidine (0.035-0.04 mg/kg), ketamine (6-8 mg/kg)-xylazine (0.7-0.8 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg)-medetomidine (0.02 mg/kg)-midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) combinations. In total, 3 striped hyenas with different clinical conditions were anesthetized nine times. The time of induction, anesthesia, recovery, and physiological parameters were evaluated. Atipamezole (0.1-0.18 mg/kg), naltrexone (0.3 mg/kg), and flumazenil (0.003 mg/kg) were used to antagonize the effects of anesthetic drugs. Results revealed that both combinations of ketamine-medetomidine and butorphanol-medetomidine-midazolam were more effective and predictable in induction, anesthesia, and recovery phases as compared to ketamine-xylazine. Also, several sorts of adverse effects like vomiting, decreasing the percentage of SpO₂, and reducing rectal temperature were observed while using the ketamine-xylazine combination. The physiological parameters haven’t been a noticeable difference as well as stages of chemical immobilization, in two combinations of ketamine-medetomidine and butorphanol-medetomidine-midazolam.

Keywords

Striped hyena

Chemical immobilization

Induction

Anesthesia

Recovery

Subjects

Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia

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