Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Radiological Assessment of the Ratio of Kidney Length to the Length of Lumbar Vertebrae in Cats Referred to Tehran-Pet Clinic

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Reza Behmanesh 1
Zahra Sorouri 2
1 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran.
2 Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran.
10.30500/ivsa.2024.424195.1375
Abstract
This study includes the measurement of both kidneys and lumbar vertebrae (from L1 to L7) using radiography of 38 adult cats, including 22 male cats and 16 female cats in the ventrodorsal (VD) view. Radiographs were prepared in DICOM format. Then we obtained the ratio of the length of each of the right and left kidneys to each of the lumbar vertebrae. Two independent two-sample t-test and Pearson's test were used to check the relationship between the variables. The results showed that out of 38 cats included in this study, 16 cats, 42.1% of them were female and 22 cats, 57.9% of them were male. It was observed that among the vertebrae, on average, L1 had the shortest length and L5 had the longest length. The male and female groups had statistically significant differences in terms of the average length of the right and left kidney as well as the length of the L1 vertebra. The length of the left and right kidneys as well as the length of the L1 vertebra in male cats were significantly higher than in female cats. The average ratio of the length of the right kidney to the L1 to L7 vertebrae in male cats was significantly higher than these ratios in female cats. The two groups of male and female cats do not have a statistically significant difference in terms of the average ratio of the length of the left kidney to the L1 to L7 vertebrae. The length of the right and left kidneys has a direct and significant statistical relationship. It was also observed that the length of the right kidney in cats has a direct and significant statistical relationship with the length of the L1 vertebra.
Keywords
Kidney length
Lumbar vertebrae length
Cat

Subjects

  1. Kyles AE, Hardie EM, Wooden BG, Adin CA, Stone EA, Gregory CR.Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic abnormalities in cats with ureteral calculi: 163 cases (1984–2002). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2005; 226(6):932-936. doi:10.2460/javma.2005.226.932.
  2. Meyer J, Schmiderer C, Richter B. Foreign body cystitis in a male guinea pig due to a sedge (Carex species) leaf. Veterinary Record Case Reports. 2020; 8(1): e001029. doi: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001029
  3. Reavill DR, Lennox AM. Disease overview of the urinary tract in exotic companion mammals and tips on clinical management. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice. 2020; 23(1): 169-193. doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2019.09.003
  4. Carneiro RK, Pereira T, Brun MV, da Cruz IC, Antunes BN, Pozzobon R. Excretory urographic, ultrasonographic, and cystoscopic characteristics of urinary bladder abscesses in a dog. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2022; 63(4): E7-E10.doi: 10.1111/vru.13095
  5. Stieger-Vanegas SM, McKenzie E. Imaging of the urinary and reproductive tract in small ruminants. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice. 2021; 37(1): 75-92.doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.10.002
  6. Debruyn K, Paepe D, Daminet S, Combes A, Duchateau L, Peremans K. Comparison of renal ultrasonographic measurements between healthy cats of three cat breeds: Ragdoll, British Shorthair and Sphynx. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2013; 15(6): 478-482. doi: 10.1177/1098612X12471057
  7. Stocco A, Sousa C, Gomes M, Souza Junior P, Figueiredo MA. Is there a difference between the right and left kidney. A macroscopic approach in Brazilian Shorthair Cat. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 2016; 68: 1137-1144. doi: 10.1590/1678-4162-8339
  8. Jones K, Van Asselt N, Mans C, Hetzel S, Waller III KR. Use of radiographs and computed tomography for measurement of kidney size in healthy chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 2020; 35: 106-111. doi: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.04.011
  9. Lee R, Leowijuk C. Normal parameters in abdominal radiology of the dog and cat. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 1982; 23(5): 251-269. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1982.tb01664.x
  10. Ajadi R, Adene O, Ighalo O. Radiographic estimation of the location and size of kidneys in Nigerian local dogs. Tropical Veterinarian. 2002; 20(3): 169-171. doi: 10.4314/tv.v20i3.4498
  11. Barella G, Lodi M, Sabbadin L, Faverzani S. A new method for ultrasonographic measurement of kidney size in healthy dogs. Journal of Ultrasound. 2012; 15(3): 186-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jus.2012.06.004
  12. Drost WT, Henry GA, Meinkoth JH, Woods JP, Lehenbauer TW. Quantification of hepatic and renal cortical echogenicity in clinically normal cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2000; 61(9): 1016-1020. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1016
  13. Tanvetthayanont P, Ponglowhapan S, Thanaboonnipat C, Choisunirachon N. Impact of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2020; 22(12): 1148-1154. doi: 10.1177/1098612X20910541
  14. Debruyn K, Paepe D, Daminet S, Combes A, Duchateau L, Peremans K. Renal dimensions at ultrasonography in healthy Ragdoll cats with normal kidney morphology: correlation with age, gender and body weight. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2013; 15(12): 1046-1051. doi: 10.1177/1098612X13487361
  15. Park IC, Lee HS, Kim JT, Nam SJ, Choi R, Oh KS. Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal dimension and resistive index in clinically healthy Korean domestic shorthair cats. Journal of Veterinary Science. 2008; 9(4): 415-419. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.4.415
  16. Debruyn K, Haers H, Combes A, Paepe D, Peremans K, Vanderperren K. Ultrasonography of the feline kidney: technique, anatomy and changes associated with disease. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2012; 14(11): 794803. doi: 10.1177/1098612X12464461
  17. Walter P, Feeney D, Johnston G, Fletcher T. Feline renal ultrasonography: quantitative analyzes of imaged anatomy. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1987; 48(4): 596599. PMID: 3296881
  18. Maurya H, Kumar T, Kumar S. Anatomical and physiological similarities of kidney in different experimental animals used for basic studies. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Nephrology. 2018; 3(09). doi: 10.21767/2472-5056.100060
  19. Darawiroj D, Choisunirachon N. Morphological assessment of cat kidneys using computed tomography. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 2019; 48(4): 358-365. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12448

  • Receive Date 07 November 2023
  • Revise Date 14 December 2023
  • Accept Date 08 January 2024
  • First Publish Date 08 January 2024