Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Healing Potential of Single Dose of Inactivated Autologous PRP, Laser, and PRP/Laser Combination on Full-Thickness Skin Defect in Dogs

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Haithem A. Farghali 1
Shaaban Gadallah 2
Tarik Misk 2
Ibrahim A. Emam 1
Naglaa A. Abd ElKader 1
Marwa S. Khattab 3
Huda O. Abubakr 4
Abdelrhman Elsabaa 5
Amal Hammad 2
1 Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
2 Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
4 Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
5 MVSc student at the department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
10.30500/ivsa.2023.400703.1353
Abstract
It is worth considering the regenerative capacity of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and laser for challenging skin wounds. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the healing potential of a single dose of inactivated autologous PRP, Laser, and PRP/Laser on full-thickness skin defects in dogs. Three mongrel dogs were subjected to 4 circular full-thickness skin defects on the thoracic region. Hence, 4 groups were evaluated: The control group (conventional treatment); the PRP group (single subcutaneous infiltration of inactivated autologous PRP); the laser group (laser for one session), and the PRP/laser group (single subcutaneous infiltration of autologous PRP followed by laser for one session). Measured variables were the percentage of wound size, catalase activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A and collagen I alpha 2 genes. Tissue biopsies were also harvested for histopathologic and immunohistochemistry assessments. The percentage of wound size was significantly lower in all groups than in the control group with a greater reduction in the PRP group. Histopathologic findings were better in PRP and PRP/laser groups with superiority for PRP. Other variables were significantly different among groups at some time points. In conclusion, PRP has a greater potential than laser and PRP/laser for accelerating and improving the quality of healing of acute full-thickness skin wounds in dogs.
Keywords
Dog
Healing
Laser
PRP
Skin Defect

Subjects

  1. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, Kincaid SA,Wright JC. Comparison of the role of the subcutaneous tissues in cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat. Veterinary Surgery. 2006; 35:3-14.
  2. Li J, Chen J, Kirsner R. Pathophysiology of acute wound healing. Clinics in Dermatology. 2007; 25: 9-18.
  3. Schreml S, Szeimies R-M, Prantl L, Landthaler M, Babilas Wound healing in the 21st century. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2010; 63: 866-881.
  4. Fossum T. Small Animal Surgery. Elsevier Mosby, USA, 2013.
  5. Sánchez M, Andia I, Anitua E, Sánchez P. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) biotechnology: concepts and therapeutic applications in orthopedics and sports medicine. Innovations in Biotechnology. 2012; 113-138.
  6. Karayannopoulou M, Psalla D, Kazakos G, Loukopoulos P, Giannakas N, Savvas I, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Chantes A, Papazoglou L G. Effect of locally injected autologous platelet-rich plasma on second intention wound healing of acute full-thickness skin defects in dogs. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 2015; 28: 172-178.
  7. Jee CH, Eom NY, Jang HM, Jung HW, Choi ES, Won JH, Hong IH, Kang BT, Jeong DW, Jung DI. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma application on cutaneous wound healing in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Science. 2016; 17: 79-87.
  8. Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, Khattab MS, AbuBakr HO. Evaluation of subcutaneous infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma on skin-wound healing in dogs. Bioscience Reports. 2017; 37(2).
  9. Hussein SM. Effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma on skin healing in dogs. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2018; 32: 275-283.
  10. Pastar I, Stojadinovic O, Yin NC, Ramirez H, Nusbaum AG, Sawaya A, Patel SB, Khalid L, Isseroff RR, Tomic-Canic M. Epithelialization in wound healing: A comprehensive review. Advances in Wound Care. 2014; 3: 445-464.
  11. Kim J H, Park C, Park HM. Curative effect of autologous platelet‐rich plasma on a large cutaneous lesion in a dog. Veterinary Dermatology. 2009; 20: 123-126.
  12. Hermeto LC, Rossi Rd, Pádua SBd, Pontes ERJ, Santana AE. Comparative study between fibrin glue and platelet rich plasma in dogs skin grafts. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. 2012; 27: 789-794.
  13. Jann H W, Bartels K, Ritchey JW, Payton M, Bennett JM. Equine wound healing: influence of low level laser therapy on an equine metacarpal wound healing model. Photonics and Lasers in Medicine. 2012; 1: 117-122.
  14. Huang YY, Chen ACH, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy. Dose-Response. 2009; 7(4): 358-83.
  15. Posten W, Wrone DA, Dover JS, Arndt KA, Silapunt S, Alam M. Low‐level laser therapy for wound healing: mechanism and efficacy. Dermatologic Surgery. 2005; 31: 334-340.
  16. Wardlaw JL, Gazzola KM, Wagoner A, Brinkman E, Burt J, Butler R, Gunter JM, Senter LH. Laser therapy for incision healing in 9 dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2019; 5: 349.
  17. Ocal Z, Kumandas A. Evaluation of the effects of laser phototherapy on the tretament of skin wounds with tissue-loss in cats and dogs. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research .2019; 2: 64-68.
  18. Seaton ED, Mouser PE, Charakida A, Alam S, Seldon PM, Chu AC. Investigation of the mechanism of action of nonablative pulsed‐dye laser therapy in photorejuvenation and inflammatory acne vulgaris. British Journal of Dermatology. 2006; 155: 748-755.
  19. Ali MRK, Ibrahim IM, Ali HR, Selim SA, El-Sayed MA. Treatment of natural mammary gland tumors in canines and felines using gold nanorods-assisted plasmonic photothermal therapy to induce tumor apoptosis. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2016; 11: 4849.
  20. Gammel JE, Biskup JJ, Drum MG, Newkirk K, Lux CN. Effects of low‐level laser therapy on the healing of surgically closed incisions and surgically created open wounds in dogs. Veterinary Surgery. 2018; 47; 499-506.
  21. Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, Khattab MS, AbuBakr HO. Novel approach to gastric mucosal defect repair using fresh amniotic membrane allograft in dogs (experimental study). Stem Cell Research and Therapy. 2017; 8(1): 235.
  22. Amable PR, Carias RB, Teixeira MV, da Cruz Pacheco I, Corrêa do Amaral RJ, Granjeiro JM, Borojevic R. Platelet-rich plasma preparation for regenerative medicine: optimization and quantification of cytokines and growth factors. Stem Cell Research and Therapy. 2013; 4: 1-13.
  23. Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, AbuBakr HO, Ramadan ES, Khattab MS, Salem NY, Emam IA. Corneal ulcer in dogs and cats: novel clinical application of regenerative therapy using subconjunctival injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021; 8: 641265.
  24. Farghali HAM, Ali HR, Ali MRK, Osman AHA. Novel clinical trial for treatment of infected subcutaneous fistula in female griffon dog using gold nano-rod assisted near infrared plasmonic photothermal therapy. International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2017; 3: 6145-6155.
  25. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry. 1979; 95: 351-358.
  26. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2− ΔΔCT method. 2001; 25: 402-408.
  27. Bancroft JD, Layton C, Suvarna SK. Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2013.
  28. Anitua E, Andia I, Sanchez M, Nurden P, Nurden AT. Platelets and wound healing. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark. 2008; 13: 3532-3548.
  29. Xu P, Wu Y, Zhou L, Yang Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Yang J, Wang M, Wang B, Luo G, He W, Cheng B. Platelet-rich plasma accelerates skin wound healing by promoting re-epithelialization. Burns and Trauma. 2020; 8.
  30. Mehta S, Watson JT. Platelet rich concentrate: basic science and current clinical applications. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2008; 22: 432-438.
  31. Beldon P. Basic science of wound healing. Surgery (Oxford). 2010; 28, 409-412.
  32. Dionyssiou D, Demiri E, Foroglou P, Cheva A, Saratzis N, Aivazidis C, Karkavelas G. The effectiveness of intralesional injection of platelet‐rich plasma in accelerating the healing of chronic ulcers: an experimental and clinical study. International Wound Journal. 2013; 10: 397-406.
  33. Rezende SB, Ribeiro MS, Núñez SC, Garcia VG, Maldonado EP. Effects of a single near-infrared laser treatment on cutaneous wound healing: biometrical and histological study in rats. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B. 2007; 87(3): 145-53.
  34. Rathnakar B, Rao BS, Prabhu V, Chandra S, Rai S, Rao AC, Sharma M, Gupta PK, Mahato KK. Photo-biomodulatory response of low-power laser irradiation on burn tissue repair in mice. Lasers in Medical Science. 2016; 31: 1741-1750.
  35. Mao Z, Wu JH, Dong T, Wu MX. Additive enhancement of wound healing in diabetic mice by low level light and topical CoQ10. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6: 1-8.
  36. Kim S, Ryu H-W, Lee K-S, Cho J-W. Application of platelet-rich plasma accelerates the wound healing process in acute and chronic ulcers through rapid migration and upregulation of cyclin A and CDK4 in HaCaT cells. Molecular Medicine Reports. 2013; 7; 476-480.
  37. Choi KH, Cho JA, So Young KI, Kwon T. Accelerating wound‑healing processes caused by recombinant growth factor mixtures inducing cell cycle progression and upregulation of type I collagen in human skin fibroblasts. International Journal of Molecular Medicine.
  38. Giusti I, Rughetti A, D'Ascenzo S, Millimaggi D, Pavan A, Dell'Orso L, Dolo V. Identification of an optimal concentration of platelet gel for promoting angiogenesis in human endothelial cells. 2009; 49: 771-778.
  39. Price M, Terlecky S R,Kessel D. A role for hydrogen peroxide in the pro‐apoptotic effects of photodynamic therapy. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 2009; 85: 1491-1496.
  40. Papa S. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation changes in the life span. Molecular aspects and physiopathological implications. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Bioenergetics. 1996; 127: 87-105.
  41. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran's Pathologic Basis of Disease. 8th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2003.
  42. Kishimoto J, Ehama R, Ge Y, Kobayashi T, Nishiyama T, Detmar M, Burgeson RE. In vivo detection of human vascular endothelial growth factor promoter activity in transgenic mouse skin. American Journal of Pathology. 2000; 157: 103-110.
  43. Öztürk F, Ermertcan T. Wound healing: a new approach to the topical wound care. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. 2011; 30: 92-99.
  44. Deodato B, Arsic N, Zentilin L, Galeano M, Santoro D, Torre V, Altavilla D, Valdembri D, Bussolino F, Squadrito F, Giacca M. Recombinant AAV vector encoding human VEGF165 enhances wound healing. Gene Therapy. 2002; 9:777-785.
  45. Mazzocca AD, McCarthy MB, Intravia J, Beitzel K, Apostolakos J, Cote MP, Bradley J, Arciero RA. An in vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of platelet-rich plasma, ketorolac, and methylprednisolone. 2013; 29: 675-683.
  46. Kurach LM, Stanley BJ, Gazzola KM, Fritz MC, Steficek BA, Hauptman JG, Seymour KJ. The effect of low‐level laser therapy on the healing of open wounds in dogs. Veterinary Surgery. 2015; 44 (8): 988-996.
  47. Muhamme MO, Ali OJ, Muhamad SA, Ibrahim SH, Raouf GM, Salih NA. Role of bovine fetal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on skin wound healing in mice. International Journal of Pharmacology. 2020; 16: 18-26.
  48. Sardari K, Emami M, Mehrjerdi HK, Movasagi AR, Afkhami A, Lotfi AS, Malekzadeh S. Effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on cutaneous regeneration and wound healing in dogs treated with dexamethasone. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2011; 20: 155-162.
  49. Carter C A, Jolly DG, Worden Sr CE, Hendren DG, Kane C JM. Platelet-rich plasma gel promotes differentiation and regeneration during equine wound healing. Experimental and Molecular Pathology. 2003; 74: 244-255.
  50. Ahmed M, Reffat SA, HassanA, Eskander F. Platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of clean diabetic foot ulcers. Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2017; 38: 206-211.
  51. Wang XT, Avanessian B, Ma Q, Durfee H, Tang YQ, Liu PY. Enhancement of flap survival and changes in angiogenic gene expression after AAV2‐mediated VEGF gene transfer to rat ischemic flaps. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2011; 19(4): 498-504.
  52. Marx RE. Platelet rich plasma: growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1993; 51: 1181-1193.
  53. Neres WdS. Efeito do extrato de Anadenanthera colubrina na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas excisionais induzidas em camundongos. 2021.
  54. Volk SW, Bohling MW. Comparative wound healing--are the small animal veterinarian’s clinical patients an improved translational model for human wound healing research? Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2013; 21(3): 372-381.
  55. Pourkarim R, Farahpour MR, Rezaei SA. Comparison effects of platelet-rich plasma on healing of infected and non-infected excision wounds by the modulation of the expression of inflammatory mediators: experimental research. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2022; 48: 3339–3347.
  56. Mast BA, Schultz GS. Interactions of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases in acute and chronic wounds. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 1996; 4: 411-420.
  57. Hedlund CS, Fossum TW. Small Animal Surgery. Surgery of the Integumentary System. St. Louis: Mosby, Inc, 2007.
  58. Sheridan JA, Zago M, Nair P, Li PZ, Bourbeau J, Tan WC, Hamid Q, Eidelman DH, Benedetti AL, Baglole CJ. Decreased expression of the NF-κB family member RelB in lung fibroblasts from Smokers with and without COPD potentiates cigarette smoke-induced COX-2 expression. Respiratory Research. 2015; 16: 1-16.
  59. Xie Y, Li Y, Peng X, Henderson F Jr, Deng L, Chen N. Ikappa B kinase alpha involvement in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through a NF-κB-independent and ERK-dependent pathway. Oral Oncology. 2013; 49: 1113-1120.
  60. Ritsu M, Kawakami K, Kanno E, Tanno H, Ishii K, Imai Y, Maruyama R, Tachi M. Critical role of tumor necrosis factor-α in the early process of wound healing in skin. Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery. 2017; 21: 14-19.

  • Receive Date 05 June 2023
  • Revise Date 12 October 2023
  • Accept Date 21 October 2023
  • First Publish Date 21 October 2023