Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Evaluation of the Healing Properties of the Crude Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Leaves on Excision Wound in Rabbit Bucks

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Umeh Ozoemena Ifedioramma 1
Babalola Adeola Samuel 2
Edoga Josephat Onu 3
Chidi Daniel Ifenkwe 4
1 Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
4 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
10.30500/ivsa.2022.320962.1286
Abstract
The wound-healing efficacy of the crude extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaf was evaluated in excision wound models. The parameters studied included; rate of wound contraction, period of complete epithelialisation in days, dermal toxicity and tensile strength of the excision wound. The means of wound area measurements among treatment animals at different time intervals were compared using one way ANOVA and post hoc test. The level of significance among the means was placed at p < 0.05. A significant wound healing efficacy was observed at 100% concentration, better than the Cicatrin wound healing effect. At the reconstituted concentrations of 25% and 50%, their efficacies were comparable to the reference drug used. The Ocimum gratissimum leaf crude extract at different reconstitutions was found to be very safe as no dermal toxicity or rash was recorded. The result showed that O. gratissimum possesses significant wound-healing activity which was evidenced by decrease in the period of epithelialisation, increase in the rate of wound contraction and skin-breaking tensile strength. It has been established that O. gratissimum contains alkaloids (anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties) as well as antimicrobial properties. These may be the lead to their wound healing effects. In conclusion, the use of O. gratissimum leaf crude extract at 100%, as a potent wound healing herb which reduces wound healing time and prevents the activities of micro-organism associated wound contamination with no dermal toxicity is hereby recommended. However, further studies need to be carried out to further expound the mechanism of action of O. gratissimum in wound healing as well as its systemic effect on animals.
Keywords
Ocimum gratissimus
Crude extract
Rabbit bucks
Excision wound
Wound Healing
Cicatrin powder

Subjects

  1. Moore M. Wound assessment. Wound Care Education Institute. 2013.
  2. Baranowski S, Ayello E. Wound care essentials. 3rd edition. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 2011; 15-25.
  3. Ishiwu CN, Umenwanne CP, Obiegbuna JE, Uchegbu NN. In Vitro assessment of antibacterial effect of extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Carica papaya Internal Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 2014; 4 (1): 171-176.
  4. Hanks J, Spodnick G. Wound healing in the veterinary rehabilitation patient. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2005; 35: 1453-1471.
  5. Pan S, Litscher G, Gao S. Historical perspective of traditional indigenous medical practices: the current renaissance and conservation of herbal resources. Evidence-Based Complement Alternative Medicine. 2014; 84: 967-976.
  6. Ijeh II, Njoku OU, Ekenza EC. Medicinal evaluation of Xylopia aethiopica and Ocimum gratissimum, Journal of Medicinal Aromatis Science. 2004; 26 (1): 45-46.
  7. Deeptanjali S, Ajay K. Secondary metabolites of Ocimum gratissimum and their biological activities. International Research Journal of Pharmacoloy. 2013; 4(8):10–28.
  8. Matasyoh LG, Matasyoh JC, Wachira FN, Kinyua MG, Thairu MAW, Mukiama TK. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum growing in eastern Kenya. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2007; 6(6): 760-765.
  9. Chah KF, Eze CA, Emuelosi CE, Esimone CO. Antibacterial and wound healing properties of methanolic extracts of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2006; 104: 164-167.
  10. OECD guideline for testing of chemicals: acute dermal toxicity 402. 1987; Available at: http://www.oecd.org/document/22/0,2340,en_2649_34377_191605 4_1_1_1_1,00,html.
  11. Paul F. Laboratory animal anaesthesia 4th 2015.
  12. Chandra J, Murthy MS, Ranjana R. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of caesalpinia bonducella and cyclea peltata extracts in experimentally induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; 9(10): 5-8.
  13. Lee KH. Studies on mechanism of action of salicylates II. Retardation of wound healing by aspirin. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1968; 57: 1042–1043.
  14. Dernell WS. Initial wound management. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2006; 36: 713-738.
  15. Gerald C, Walker MW, Criscione L, Gustafson EL, Batzl-Hartmann C, Smith KE, Vaysse P, Durki MM, Laz TM, Linemeyer DL, Schaffhauser AO, Whitebread S, Hofbauer KG, Taber RI, Branchek TA, Weinshank RLA. Receptor subtype involved in neuropeptide-Y-induced food intake. Nature. 1996; 382:168–171.
  16. Bonner J. Scar Wars. Chem Ind (Lond). 2000; 23:770–3.
  17. Nayak BS, Sandiford S, Maxwell A. Evaluation of the wound-healing activity of ethanolic of Morinda Citrifolia leaf. Evidence Based Complement Alternative Medicine. 2009; 6: 351–356.
  18. Henry G, Garner WL. Inflammatory mediators in wound healing. Clinics of North America. 2003; 83:483-507.
  19. Suguna L, Singh S, Sivakumar P, Sampath P, Chandrakasan G. Influence of Terminalia chebula on dermal wound healing in rats. Phytotherapy Research. 2002; 16: 227-231.
  20. Udupa SL, Shetty S, Udup AL, Somayaji SN. Effect of Ocimum sanctum on normal and dexamethasone suppressed wound healing. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2006; 44: 49–54.
  21. Raina R, Prawez S, Verma P, Pankaj N. Medicinal Plants and their role in wound healing. Veterinary Scan. 2008; 3: 1-24.
  22. Jull AB, Cullum N, Dumville JC, Westby MJ, Deshpande S, Walker N. Honey as a topical treatment for wounds. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015; 3(3): 50-83.
  23. Hosgood G. Wound repair and specific tissue response to injury. In: Textbook of Small Animal Surgery, 3rd D Slatter WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 2003; 66-86.
  24. Chitra P, Sajithlal GB, Chandrakasan G. Influence of Aloevera on collagen turnover in healing of dermal wounds in rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 1998; 36: 896-901.
  25. Kumar S, Parmeshwaraiah S, Shivkumar HG. Evaluation of topical formulations of aqueous extract of Centella asiatica on open wounds in rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 1998; 36: 569-572.
  26. Mukherjee PK, Suresh B. Studies on in Vivo wound healing activity of leaf extract of Hypericum mysorense with different wound models in rats. Natural Product Science. 2000; 26: 73–78.
  27. Shetty BS, Udupa SL, Udupa AL, Somayaji SN. Effect of Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae) on normal and dexamethasone suppressed wound healing in Wistar albino rats. Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds. 2006; 5: 137–143.
  28. Bairy KL, Rao C M. Wound healing profile of Ginkgo biloba. Journal of National Remedies. 2001; 25-27.
  29. Jaswanth A, Loganathan V, Manimaran S, Rukmani S. Wound healing activity of Aegle marmelos. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2001; 63: 41–44.
  30. Hukkeri VT, Karadi RV, Akki KS, Savadi RV, Jaiprakash B, Kuppast J, Patil MB. Wound healing property of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract. Indian Drugs. 2002; 39: 481–483.

  • Receive Date 21 December 2021
  • Revise Date 06 March 2022
  • Accept Date 04 April 2022
  • First Publish Date 04 April 2022