Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery

Evaluation of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) on Wound Healing of Gastrotomized Male Wistar Rats: Histopathological Changes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Aida Golmohammadii 1
Abdolrasoul Namjou 2
Esfandiar Heidarian 3
1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
3 Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
10.30500/ivsa.2021.258525.1232
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice root on the healing of surgical gastric ulcers in rats. For this experimental study, thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were prepared, and first, a 16 mm incision was made in the greater curvature of the stomach, and then it was sutured in a single layer. The rats were then randomly distributed into three groups (n=12), a control group, and two other groups, which were treated with licorice hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg orally via gavage once daily for 21 consecutive days. Wound healing among the groups was compared and a determination was made for the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and serum antioxidant capacity. The mean rank of histopathological evaluation on the twentieth day after surgery showed a significant difference between the three groups. The difference in mean rank showed a significant increase between the group of rats treated with the extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg compared to the control group. The amount of MDA in the control group showed a significant increase compared to the groups treated with the extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg. Serum antioxidant capacity in the experimental group treated with extracts showed a significant increase in comparison with the control group. The results of this study showed that lipid peroxidation in a gastrotomy rat treated with licorice root hydroalcoholic extract decreased with a marked increase in antioxidant activity and subsequently accelerated the healing process of the gastric surgery site.
Keywords
Antioxidant capacity
Greater curvature
Malondialdehyde
Stomach
Surgery

Subjects

  1. Laine L, Takeuchi K, Tarnawski A. Gastric mucosal defense and cytoprotection: bench to bedside. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(1):41-60.
  2. Khamaysi I, Gralnek IM. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) - initial evaluation and management. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology. 2013;27(5):633-638.
  3. Chung KT, Shelat VG. Perforated peptic ulcer - an update. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2017;9(1):1-12.
  4. Shristi B, Neha J, Bharat P, Rajesh GA. Review on some Indian Medicinal Plants for Antiulcer Activity. Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy. 2012;1:6-9.
  5. Hansson LE, Nyren O, Hsing AW, Bergström R, Josefsson S, Chow WH, Fraumeni JF Jr, Adami HO. The risk of stomach cancer in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 1996;335(4):242-249.
  6. Svanes C. Trends in perforated peptic ulcer: incidence, etiology, treatment, and prognosis. World Journal of Surgery. 2000;24(3):277-283.
  7. Kim HU. Diagnostic and treatment approaches for refractory peptic ulcers. Clinical Endoscopy. 2015;48(4): 85-290.
  8. Thorsen K, Soreide JA, Soreide K. Scoring systems for outcome prediction in patients with perforated peptic ulcer. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. 2013;21:25.
  9. Asnaashari S, Dastmalchi S, Javadzadeh Y. Gastroprotective effects of herbal medicines (roots). International Journal of Food Properties. 2018;21(1):901-920.
  10. Kuna L, Jakab J, Smolic R, Raguz-Lucic N, Vcev A, Smolic M. Peptic ulcer disease: a brief review of conventional therapy and herbal treatment options.  Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019;8(2):179.
  11. Lim TK. Glycyrrhiza glabra. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. 2015;22:354–457.
  12. Mamedov NA, Egamberdieva D. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological effects of licorice: a review. Plant and Human Health. 2019;3:1–21.
  13. Bailly C, Vergoten G. Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome? Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2020;214:107618.
  14. Jalilzadeh-Amin G, Najarnezhad V, Anassori E, Mostafavi M, Keshipour H. Antiulcer properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract on experimental models of gastric ulcer in mice. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015;14(4):1163–1170.
  15. El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, El-Mleeh A, Abdel-Daim MM, Prasad Devkota H. Traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents, and pharmacological and toxicological activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae). Biomolecules. 2020;10(3):352.
  16. Nazari S, Rameshrad M, Hosseinzadeh H. Toxicological effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): a review. Phytotherapy Research. 2017;31(11):1635-1650.
  17. Namjou A, Heidarian E, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Effects of Urtica dioica hydro-alcoholic extract on blood serum glucose and lipid profiles of female Wistar rats with long-term estrogen deficiency. Veterinary Research Forum. 2018;9(4):349-355.
  18. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry. 1979;95(2):351-358.
  19. Dotan Y, Lichtenberg D, Pinchuk I. Lipid peroxidation cannot be used as a universal criterion of oxidative stress. Progress in Lipid Research. 2004;43(3):200-227.
  20. Souza JPF, Freire JM, Celani LMS, Moreira MDFDEC, Araujo-Filho I, Medeiros AC. Effect of single-layer versus two-layer gastric suture in epithelialization and pressure bursting in rats. Journal of Surgical and Clinical Research. 2017;8(2):161-169.
  21. Namjou A, Rouhi-Broujeni H. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and wound healing of Boswellia serrataon experimentally induced diabetic rats. Abanico Veterinario. 2020;10:1-17.
  22. Marinova D, Ribarov F, Atanassova, M. Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Bolgarian fruits and vegetables. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy. 2005;40(3):255-260.
  23. Beketov EV, Pakhomov VP, Nesterova OV. Improved method of flavonoid extraction from bird cherry fruits. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 2005;39(6):316-318.
  24. Asghari A, Arfaee F, Ghodarzi N. The effect of curcuma on gastric injury induced by gastrotomy in rats. Veterinary Researches Biological Products (Pajouhesh va Sazandegi). 2016;29(2):25-36.
  25. Ligha AE, Fawehinmi HB. Protection by liquorice in alcohol induced gastric mucosa damage. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2009;8(10):1532– 1536.
  26. Aly AM, Al-Alousi L, Salem HA. Licorice, a possible anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer Drug. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Tech. 2005;6(1):E74–E82.
  27. Wittschier N, Faller G, Hensel A. Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from liquorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Inhibit adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric mucosa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2009;125(2):218–223.
  28. Farghali HA, Abdelkader NA, Khattab MS, Abubakr HO. Novel approach to gastric mucosal defect repair using fresh amniotic membrane allograft in dogs (experimental study). Stem Cell Research & Therapy. 2017;8(1):235.
  29. Krausse R, Bielenberg J, Blaschek W, Ullmann U. In vitro anti‐ Helicobacter pylori activity of extractum liquiritiae, glycyrrhizin and its metabolites. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2004;54(1):243–246.
  30. Gumpricht E, Dahl R, Devereaux MW, Sokol RJ. Licorice compounds glycyrrhizin and 18betaglycyrrhetinic acid are potent modulators of bile acid induced cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2005;280(11):10556-10563.
  31. Jafarian MM, Ghazvini K. In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to licorice extract. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2007;6(1):69–72.
  32. Lee CW, Sarosi GA Jr. Emergency ulcer surgery. The Surgical Clinics of North America. 2011;91(5):1001-1013.
  33. Damle M. Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice)—a potent medicinal herb. International Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2014;2(2):132–136.
  34. Nassiri M, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phytotherapy Research. 2008;22(6):709-724.
  35. Di Mambro VM, Fonseca MJV. Assays of physical stability and antioxidant activity of a topical formulation added with different plant extracts. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2005;37(2):287-295.
  36. Hodek P, Trefl P, Stiborova M. Flavonoids-potent and versatile biologically active compounds interacting with cytochromes P450. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2002;139(1):1-21.
  37. Wei B, Wang Y, Wu H, Liu M, Yao W, Wei M. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a new type of compound lansoprazole capsule in gastric ulcer rats and beagle dogs: importance of adjusting oxidative stress and inflammation. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(2):49.
  38. Sorbye H, Svanes K. The role of blood flow in gastric mucosal defence, damage and healing. Digestive Diseases. 1994;12(5):305-317.
  39. Sabbadin C, Bordin L, Dona G, Manso J, Avruscio G, Armanini D. Licorice: from pseudohyperaldosteronism to therapeutic uses. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2019;10:484.
  40. Harwansh RK, Patra KC, Pareta SK, Singh J, Biswas R. Pharmacological studies on Glycyrrhiza glabra: a review. Pharmacology. 2011;2:1032–1038.
  41. Kageyama Y, Suzuki H, Saruta T. Role of glucocorticoid in the development of glycyrrhizin‐induced hypertension. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. 1994;16(6):761–778.
  42. Gupta VK Fatima A, Faridi U, Negi AS, Shanker K, Kumar JK, Khanuja SPS. Antimicrobial potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2008;116(2):377–380.
  43. Wang L, Yang R, Yuan B, Liu Y, Liu C. The antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice, a widely‐used Chinese herb. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2015;5(4):310–315.
  44. Pastorino G, Cornara L, Soares S, Rodrigues F, Oliveira MBPP. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytotherapy Research. 2018;32(12):2323-2339.
  45. Dotan Y, Lichtenberg D, Pinchuk I. Lipid peroxidation cannot be used as a universal criterion of oxidative stress. Progress in Lipid Research. 2004;43(3):200-227.
  46. Ayala A, Munoz MF, Argüelles S. Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2014;2014:360438.
  47. Nagler RM, Klein I, Zarzhevsky N, Drigues N, Reznick AZ. Characterization of the differentiated antioxidant profile of human saliva. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2002;32(3):268-277.
  48. Frattaruolo L, Carullo G, Brindisi M, Mazzotta S, Bellissimo L, Rago V, Curcio R, Dolce V, Aiello F, Cappello AR. Antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities of flavanones from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) leaf phytocomplexes: identification of licoflavanone as a modulator of NF-kB/MAPK pathway. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(6):186.
  49. Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl, M. Pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and its bioactive constituents: update and review. Phytotherapy Research. 2015;29(12): 868–1886.
  50. Dong Y, Zhao M, Zhao T, Feng M, Chen H, Zhuang M, Lin L. Bioactive profiles, antioxidant activities, nitrite scavenging capacities and protective effects on H2O2-injured PC12 cells of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. leaf and root extracts. Molecules. 2014;19(7):9101–9113.

  • Receive Date 22 November 2020
  • Revise Date 11 July 2021
  • Accept Date 12 July 2021
  • First Publish Date 12 July 2021