Genomic Detection of Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponemes in Sole Ulcers

Ghorbani, Zahra; Karimi, Iraj; Mahzounieh, Mohamadreza; Faezi, Marzieh; Mohamadnia, Ahmad Reza

doi:10.30500/ivsa.2020.243555.1221

Genomic Detection of Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponemes in Sole Ulcers

Document Type : Short Communication

Authors

Zahra Ghorbani ¹

Iraj Karimi ²

Mohamadreza Mahzounieh ²

Marzieh Faezi ³

Ahmad Reza Mohamadnia ⁴

¹ DVM Graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

² Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

³ Damasa Research and Extension Group, Mashhad, Iran.

⁴ Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

10.30500/ivsa.2020.243555.1221

Abstract

Objective- Evaluation of possible contamination of sole ulcers with digital dermatitis Treponema spp .
Design- Clinical detection
Animals- Thirty-three cows with sole ulcer lesion.
Procedures- Hoof trimmings were done by professional veterinarian hoof trimmer on a regular basis. Sole ulcer and digital dermatitis recorded as a wounded lesion in zone 4 and 10 of the hooves during hoof trimming and recorded in special sheets. A total of Thirty-three tissue samples from sole ulcers in zone 4 of digits were taken and the 16S rRNA gene was followed by PCR assay.
Results- Annual incidence of clinical digital dermatitis recorded as 7.1 percent as the second prevalent digital lesion in the farm following sole ulcer. Treponema spp . was found in 42 percent of the samples, none of the positive samples show concurrent lesion of digital dermatitis and sole ulcer.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Since no concurrent lesions were found in sole ulcer samples, finding Treponema spp. in tissues may be a result of the possible pathogenic presence of the bacteria in this region. Multifactorial causes of sole ulcer make different clinical presentations for the lesion and a microbial cause for the sole ulcer that led to non-healing ulcers were reported.

Keywords

Dairy cow

Digital dermatitis

Sole ulcer

PCR

Hoof trimming

20.1001.1.20083033.2020.15.2.8.5

Subjects

Ruminant Lameness

Dolecheck K, Bewley J. Animal board invited review: Dairy cow lameness expenditures, losses and total cost. Animal, 2018; 12(7): 1462-1474.
Mellado M, Saavedra E, Gaytán L, Veliz FG, Macías-Cruz U, Avendaño-Reyes L, García E. The effect of lameness-causing lesions on milk yield and fertility of primiparous Holstein cows in a hot environment. Livestock Science, 2018; 217: 8-14.
Amory JR, Barker ZE, Wright JL, Mason SA, Blowey RW, Green LE. Associations between sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis and the milk yield of 1824 dairy cows on 30 dairy cow farms in England and Wales from February 2003-November 2004. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2008; 83(3-4): 381-391.
Charfeddine N, Pérez-Cabal MA. Effect of claw disorders on milk production, fertility, and longevity, and their economic impact in Spanish Holstein cows. Journal of dairy science, 2017; 100(1): 653-665.
Whay HR, Waterman AE, Webster AJF, O'Brien JK. The influence of lesion type on the duration of hyperalgesia associated with hindlimb lameness in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Journal, 1998; 156(1): 23-29.
Pavlenko A, Bergsten C, Ekesbo I, Kaart T, Aland A, Lidfors L. Influence of digital dermatitis and sole ulcer on dairy cow behaviour and milk production. Animal, 2011; 5(8): 1259-1269.
Holzhauer M, Hardenberg C, Bartels CJM. Herd and cow-level prevalence of sole ulcers in The Netherlands and associated-risk factors. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2008; 85(1): 125-135.
Solano L, Barkema HW, Mason S, Pajor EA, LeBlanc SJ, Orsel K. Prevalence and distribution of foot lesions in dairy cattle in Alberta, Canada. Journal of Dairy Science, 2016; 99(8): 6828-6841.
Holzhauer M, Hardenberg C, Bartels CJ, Frankena K. Herd- and cow-level prevalence of digital dermatitis in the Netherlands and associated risk factors. Journal of Dairy Science, 2006; 89(2): 580-588.
Yang DA, Heuer C, Laven R, Vink WD, Chesterton RN. Farm and cow-level prevalence of bovine digital dermatitis on dairy farms in Taranaki, New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2017; 65(5): 252-256.
Nowrouzin I. Digital dermatitis; an unrecognised epidemic in dairies in Iran. Proceeding for 1990-91 British Cattle Veterinary Association, 1991: 84-95.
Nadi P, Azizzadeh M, Mohamadnia AR. Incidence of hoof lesions in dairy farms in Iran. The First Regional Conference on Cow Comfort and Lameness, 2016; Tehran, Iran.
Mohamadnia AR. Occurrence of claw diseases in dairy cattle in Iran. 15^th Symposium and 8th Conference on Ruminant Lameness, 2006; Kuopio, Finland.
Faezi M, Sangtarash R. Epidemiology of lameness; economic importance, prevalence and incidence. Eltiam, 2020; 6(2): 14-34.
Lischer CJ, Ossent P, Räber M, Geyer H. Suspensory structures and supporting tissues of the third phalanx of cows and their relevance to the development of typical sole ulcers (Rusterholz ulcers). Veterinary Record, 2002; 151(23): 694.
Shearer JK, van Amstel SR. Pathogenesis and treatment of sole ulcers and white line disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice, 2017; 33(2): 283-300.
Blowey RW. Digital dermatitis, research and control. Irish Veterinary Journal, 2008; 60: 102-106.
Holzhauer M. Non-healing white line lesion, advanced experience. 16^th Conference of Lameness in Ruminants, 2011; Rotorua, New Zealand.
Evans NJ, Brown JM, Demirkan I, Murray RD, Vink WD, Blowey RW, Hart CA, Carter SD. Three unique groups of spirochetes isolated from digital dermatitis lesions in UK cattle. Veterinary Microbiology, 2008; 130(1-2): 141-150.
Yano T, Moe KK, Yamazaki K, Ooka T, Hayashi T, Misawa N. Identification of candidate pathogens of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cattle from quantitative 16S rRNA clonal analysis. Veterinary Microbiology, 2010; 143(2-4): 352-362.
Evans NJ, Murray RD, Carter SD. Bovine digital dermatitis: Current concepts from laboratory to farm. Veterinary Journal, 2016; 211: 3-13.
Evans NJ, Brown JM, Demirkan I, Singh P, Getty B, Timofte D, Vink WD, Murray RD, Blowey RW, Birtles RJ, Hart CA. Association of unique, isolated treponemes with bovine digital dermatitis lesions. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2009; 47(3): 689-696.
Sykora S, Kofler J, Glonegger-Reichert J, Dietrich J, Auersperg G, Brandt S. Treponema DNA in bovine ‘non-healing’ versus common sole ulcers and white line disease. The Veterinary Journal, 2015; 205(3): 417-420.
Evans NJ, Blowey RW, Timofte D, Isherwood DR, Brown JM, Murray R, Paton RJ, Carter SD. Association between bovine digital dermatitis treponemes and a range of 'non-healing' bovine hoof disorders. The Veterinary Record, 2011; 168(8): 214.
Klitgaard K, Nielsen MW, Ingerslev HC, Boye M, Jensen TK. Discovery of bovine digital dermatitis-associated Treponema spp. in the dairy herd environment by a targeted deep-sequencing approach. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2014; 80(14): 4427-4432.
Sullivan LE, Blowey RW, Carter SD, Duncan JS, Grove-White DH, Page P, Iveson T, Angell JW, Evans NJ. Presence of digital dermatitis treponemes on cattle and sheep hoof trimming equipment. Veterinary Record, 2014.
Bay V, Griffiths B, Carter S, Evans NJ, Lenzi L, Bicalho RC, Oikonomou G. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing reveals a polymicrobial nature of complicated claw horn disruption lesions and interdigital phlegmon in dairy cattle. Scientific Reports, 2018; 8(1): 1-2.
Kofler J. Pathogenesis and treatment of toe lesions in cattle including "nonhealing" toe lesions. Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice, 2017; 33(2): 301-328.