Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Radiological Assessment of the Ratio of Kidney Length to the Length of Lumbar Vertebrae in Cats Referred to Tehran-Pet Clinic778118717510.30500/ivsa.2024.424195.1375ENRezaBehmaneshDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran.0000-0003-0521-1424ZahraSorouriGraduated from Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran.Journal Article20231107This study includes the measurement of both kidneys and lumbar vertebrae (from L1 to L7) using radiography of 38 adult cats, including 22 male cats and 16 female cats in the ventrodorsal (VD) view. Radiographs were prepared in DICOM format. Then we obtained the ratio of the length of each of the right and left kidneys to each of the lumbar vertebrae. Two independent two-sample t-test and Pearson's test were used to check the relationship between the variables. The results showed that out of 38 cats included in this study, 16 cats, 42.1% of them were female and 22 cats, 57.9% of them were male. It was observed that among the vertebrae, on average, L1 had the shortest length and L5 had the longest length. The male and female groups had statistically significant differences in terms of the average length of the right and left kidney as well as the length of the L1 vertebra. The length of the left and right kidneys as well as the length of the L1 vertebra in male cats were significantly higher than in female cats. The average ratio of the length of the right kidney to the L1 to L7 vertebrae in male cats was significantly higher than these ratios in female cats. The two groups of male and female cats do not have a statistically significant difference in terms of the average ratio of the length of the left kidney to the L1 to L7 vertebrae. The length of the right and left kidneys has a direct and significant statistical relationship. It was also observed that the length of the right kidney in cats has a direct and significant statistical relationship with the length of the L1 vertebra.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_187175_3c375548eff66e53503c807a6887ee61.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Evaluation of Potential Effect of Bone Marrow Mast Cells on Burn Wound Healing in Rat828819636510.30500/ivsa.2024.446910.1392ENShimaMousazadehDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.AmirAmniattalabDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.RahimMohammadiDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.0000-0002-2104-9829Journal Article20240304The objective of this work was to assess the potential effect of bone marrow mast cells (BMMCs) on burn wound healing in rats. We included 45 male rats into three groups of 15 animals each: CNTRL group: We treated the burn wounds with normal saline (0.1 ml). TRTMENT group: In this group, the burn wounds were treated with bone marrow mast cells (1× 10<sup>6</sup>/ml). SSD (Positive control) group: In this group, the wounds were treated with silver sulfadiazine 1% ointment. Wound area reduction measurements, histopathological studies, and biochemical assessments levels showed significant differences between rats in TRTMENT group in comparison with other groups (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Accelerated repair of the wounds in TRTMENT group showed that local application of BMMCs could be taken into consideration in burn wound healing.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_196365_12a65f8c887f71a30f46f783689780d4.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Effects of Interaperitoneal Administration of α-Tocopherol Acetate on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Ovaries in Female Cats of Animal House Shelter Undergoing Elective Ovariohysterectomy899619180210.30500/ivsa.2024.419864.1368ENAbdolrahmanBaghbanDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.RahimMohammadiDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.0000-0002-2104-9829VahidMohammadiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.0000-0001-8660-4179ShahramJavadiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.Journal Article20231008Effects of interaperitoneal administration of α-tocopherol acetate on ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovaries torsion and detorsion were studied using a cat ovary model. Twenty healthy female DSH cats ~3 kg were randomized into five experimental groups (n = 5): Group SHAM: The cats underwent only celiotomy. Group Ischemia: A 3-hour ischemia only. Group I/R: A 3-hour ischemia and a 3-hour reperfusion. Group I/ATA: A 3-hour ischemia only and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration (IP) of α-tocopherol 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/R/ATA: A 3-hour ischemia, 3-hour reperfusion, and 10 mg/kg IP of α-tocopherol 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Animals treated with ATA showed significantly ameliorated development of ischemia and reperfusion tissue injury compared to those of other groups (<em>p</em> < 0.05). The significantly higher values of SOD, tGSH, GPO, GSHRd, and GST were observed in I/R/ATA animals compared to those of other groups (<em>p </em>= 0.001). Damage indicators (NOS, MDA, MPO, and DNA damage level) were significantly lower in I/R/ATA animals compared to those of other groups (<em>p </em>= 0.001). Intraperitoneal administration of ATA could be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian tissue exposed to ischemia.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_191802_93926e4c477feedac3ad701d62a4fcd5.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001The Protective Roles of Mito-TEMPO on Testicular Ischemia‑Reperfusion Injury Based on Biochemical and Histopathological Evidences in Mice9710519636410.30500/ivsa.2024.448516.1394ENZohrehMostahsanDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.0009-0005-2292-7186SaeedAziziDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.0000-0001-7472-0770AliSoleimanzadehDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.0000-0002-1591-2198AliShalizar-JalaliDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.0000-0002-9811-7754Journal Article20240314Accumulation of reactive oxygen species during testicular torsion causes oxidative stress, which in turn causes ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury to the testis. In testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) in male mice, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Mito-TEMPO (MT) on I/R injury. Forty-two male mice were divided into seven groups, including a control group and six treatment groups (360° T/D, 720° T/D, 360° T/D + 0.70 mg/kg MT, 360° T/D + 1 mg/kg MT, 720° T/D + 0.70 mg/kg MT and 720° T/D + 1 mg/kg MT). After inducing testicular torsion, oxidative enzymes, and testicular histopathology were evaluated. The results showed that 720° T/D resulted in increased testicular malondialdehyde levels and histological damage, along with reduced activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Treatment with MT reduced tissue malondialdehyde levels and increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. These findings suggest that MT administration protects against acute testicular T/D injury in mice.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_196364_523919e9a56977def5637a6f8f54e982.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Enhancing Infectious Wound Healing in Wistar Rats Using Electrospun Fibrous Membrane Incorporating Eucalyptus camaldulensis Extract and Polyvinyl Alcohol10611719018610.30500/ivsa.2024.428433.1382ENAliAshrafianDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.Hamid RezaMoslemiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.KhaterehKafshdouzanDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.Mohammad SadeghNourbakhshFaculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.SaharGhaffari KhalighDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.Journal Article20231208This study explores the potential of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporating <em>Eucalyptus camaldurensis</em> extract (ELE) as an innovative wound dressing strategy to address the escalating threat of antibiotic resistance and associated complications in bacterial infections of wounds. The investigation is grounded in the recognition of the antibacterial properties inherent in medicinal plants and the advantageous release characteristics of nanomaterials, particularly electrospun nanofibers that closely mimic the extracellular matrix. Utilizing the electrospinning technique, nanofiber mats were fabricated with hydroalcoholic Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract, and their structural and morphological attributes were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The study employed 60 male Wistar rats, categorizing them into groups treated with PVA/ELE, nitrofurazone, normal saline, and PVA wound dressings. Microbial and histopathological analyses were conducted at specified intervals post-infection. The results unveiled the remarkable antibacterial efficacy of PVA/ELE, as evidenced by a substantial reduction in bacterial count compared to control groups. Furthermore, the PVA/ELE group demonstrated superior wound size reduction, re-epithelization, and collagen deposition, akin to the effects observed in the nitrofurazone group. The findings suggest that PVA/ELE exhibits significant antimicrobial potential and promotes advanced wound-healing processes. Consequently, this electrospun nanofiber formulation, enriched with ELE, emerges as a promising and viable alternative for conventional wound care, offering multifaceted benefits in combating bacterial infections and facilitating wound healing.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_190186_93985d505cba595dedf17531b371f110.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Molecular Isolation of Treponema spp from Ovine Footrot Lesions, Finding Evidence for Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis11812418717210.30500/ivsa.2024.427254.1379ENVahidZojajiResident of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.AzamMokhtariDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.AhmadrezaMohamadniaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0003-1459-3989Journal Article20231127Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD), a severe lameness-causing bacterial foot disease, significantly impacts the sheep industry's economy and welfare. Treponema species responsible for bovine digital dermatitis (BDD), including <em>Treponema medium</em>, <em>Treponema phagedenis</em>, and <em>Treponema pedis</em>, have been identified in CODD lesions. In this study, Treponema spp. was detected in 42 skin samples from 110 sheep that had footrot lesions (38%). The lesions were more presented on hindlimbs (55.5%). The Kurdish sheep breed exhibited the highest Treponema positivity rate with 47.8% (n = 20), while pure Afshari sheep and Afshari-Kurdish hybrids showed an equal prevalence of 26.2%. The prevalence of lesion scores 4 and 5 in the Treponema-positive group (33.3% and 40.5% respectively) was significantly higher compared to the Treponema-negative group (23.5% and 11.8% respectively) further underscores the potential role of Treponema infection in the progression of severity of the infection. The southern region of the Khorasan Razavi province exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of Treponema-positive cases (88.1%, n = 37) compared to the northern regions (7.1%, n = 3) and Mashhad (4.8%, n = 2). This is the first report of investigation of the possible presence of CODD in Iranian sheep flocks, which should be potentially considered to prevent negative impacts on sheep production, welfare, and antibiotic use (improper antibiotic usage) in the farms.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_187172_ed5f72f5c5e201c372db864632ff9b65.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Influence of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin on ex vivo Leak Pressure of Canine Enterotomy12513018717610.30500/ivsa.2024.427976.1380ENAliHeydari Azar HerisDVM Graduate, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.DavoudKazemiDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0001-5522-8035Journal Article20231130Injectable platelet rich fibrin, the latest innovation among platelet concentrates is obtained by centrifugation of whole blood without any anticoagulants. The initially liquid product is later converted into gel form due to conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. This feature allows it to be used in injectable form or as topical spray. Incisional dehiscence and leakage is a potentially fatal postoperative complication of enterotomy. This study was conducted to investigate whether injectable platelet rich fibrin could be used as suture line reinforcement method in canine enterotomy. It was hypothesized that topically applied injectable platelet rich fibrin could increase the leakage pressure of enterotomy incisions. A total of 28 enterotomy incisions measuring 3 cm in length were created on the antimesenteric border of jejunum in canine cadaveric samples. The incisions were sutured with simple interrupted or simple continuous patterns and the suture line was reinforced by topical injectable platelet rich fibrin in treatment groups. Leak testing was conducted immediately and 15 minutes after suture placement in control and treatment samples respectively and initial leakage pressure and maximum intraluminal pressure was recorded along with leakage location. Although statistically insignificant, application of injectable platelet rich fibrin in the simple continuous treatment group increased the mean initial leakage pressure in comparison to simple continuous control group (15 ± 7.228 vs. 11.67 ± 26.17). Mean maximum intraluminal pressure was increased in both simple interrupted (46.29 ± 30.53 vs. 39 ± 34.54) and simple continuous (47.78 ± 9.497 vs. 35.67 ± 31.46) treatment groups in comparison to their respective control groups. Leakage was observed from the incision line and from the needle holes outside the incision line in simple interrupted and simple continuous sutured incisions respectively. Although the results indicated the feasibility of using this method but in vivo investigations are required to determine whether it could be used in clinical cases.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_187176_a861bf742f3266b9ab149b5896486a06.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Burdizzo Castration, in situ Spermatic Cord Ligation, and Orchidectomy on the Serum Biochemical Profiles of Red Sokoto Bucks13113718717410.30500/ivsa.2024.413838.1366ENTerfa OrnandeNevDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.Samuel TankoFadasonDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Ebenezer OlaoluwaAbidoyeDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Kwem BakauKadimaVeterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Aboh IkuKisaniDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi Benue state, Nigeria.OchukoOrakpoghenorDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Ashever JocelynTerfaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi Benue state, Nigeria.Journal Article20230829Since bucks are raised mainly for meat, there is a need for castration to optimize meat production. In this study, we conducted a comparative evaluation of the serum biochemical profiles of red Sokoto bucks following Burdizzo castration, <em>in situ</em> spermatic cord ligation, and orchidectomy. Sixteen red Sokoto bucks aged 6 months to 1 year old and 11-12 kg body weight were used for this study. The bucks were randomly divided into 4 groups of 4 bucks each as follows; group A (Burdizzo), B (<em>in situ</em> spermatic cord ligation), C (orchidectomy), and D (control). Blood was collected pre-castration, and at immediate, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, and 72 hours post-castration (HPC) into labeled tubes without anticoagulant, serum was harvested and used for serum biochemical analyses. The outcomes showed non-significant changes in total protein, sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium levels in all groups of bucks. Glucose levels were significantly increased at immediate PC in groups A, B, and C, followed by a decline from 4 HPC to normal values by 16 HPC (group B) and 20 HPC (group A). The serum creatinine levels increased significantly at immediate PC, peaked at 20 HPC, and declined from 24 HPC. The blood urea nitrogen level increased significantly from immediate PC up to 72 HPC. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde levels increased significantly from 4 HPC, peaked at 16 to 20 HPC, and decreased from 24 to 72 HPC. There were less severe serum biochemical changes by Burdizzo castration and <em>in situ</em> spermatic cord ligation compared to orchidectomy in the red Sokoto bucks.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_187174_ab42e8116f4ae3c4021fb7c643a8167a.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Successful Management of Quadriceps Contracture in a Cat13814118393610.30500/ivsa.2023.414596.1367ENMohammadAkbariDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.ZahraShamsiDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.MehdiBehfarDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.0000-0001-9046-5677Journal Article20230902A six-month-old female domestic short hair cat was presented for bilateral hindlimb lameness. Radiographt revealed bilateral distal femoral physeal fractures and left sided acetabular fracture. Treatment performed by transfixation cross pinning for both limbs. The right hind limb was operated immediately, however, due to an open fracture on the left hind limb, the surgical intervention was postponed to prevent osteomyelitis. The delayed surgical intervention was associated with quadriceps contraction. Here, to treat the muscle contraction, muscle release operation followed by a 90 degree external coaptation was performed. After healing of the surgical wound, physiotherapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation was performed for five sessions over three weeks and then the cat demonstrated significant improvement in the posture and gait. Quadriceps contraction often is observed as a complication during healing of femoral fracture after surgery. Physiotherapy may play important role in preventing postoperative pain and other complications.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_183936_573ae2eae170051331f130e05a34da83.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Comparison of Three Stages of Chemical Immobilization and Changes in Vital Signs in Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena) under Immobilization with Ketamine-Medetomidine, Ketamine-Xylazine, and Butorphanol-Medetomidine-Midazolam14214719018410.30500/ivsa.2024.422389.1372ENEhsanSaeidiDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.0000-0003-1582-6553FoozhanKheradmandDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.0000-0002-4349-4560Journal Article20231026Chemical immobilization is a fundamental aspect of wildlife conservation and can be extremely detrimental if proper protocols are not administered. This report compares the duration of different stages of anesthesia in striped hyena (<em>Hyaena hyaena</em>) immobilized with different combinations of ketamine (2.5-3 mg/kg)-medetomidine (0.035-0.04 mg/kg), ketamine (6-8 mg/kg)-xylazine (0.7-0.8 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg)-medetomidine (0.02 mg/kg)-midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) combinations. In total, 3 striped hyenas with different clinical conditions were anesthetized nine times. The time of induction, anesthesia, recovery, and physiological parameters were evaluated. Atipamezole (0.1-0.18 mg/kg), naltrexone (0.3 mg/kg), and flumazenil (0.003 mg/kg) were used to antagonize the effects of anesthetic drugs. Results revealed that both combinations of ketamine-medetomidine and butorphanol-medetomidine-midazolam were more effective and predictable in induction, anesthesia, and recovery phases as compared to ketamine-xylazine. Also, several sorts of adverse effects like vomiting, decreasing the percentage of SpO<sub>2</sub>, and reducing rectal temperature were observed while using the ketamine-xylazine combination. The physiological parameters haven’t been a noticeable difference as well as stages of chemical immobilization, in two combinations of ketamine-medetomidine and butorphanol-medetomidine-midazolam.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_190184_1063dd5e9673678e6662bdd6cec676d0.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001Atypical Megaesophagus Caused by a Nasopharyngeal Polyp in a Cat: A Case Report14815119069110.30500/ivsa.2024.288897.1265ENArezooRamezaniDepartment of Radiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-7084-3244NasimGhasemiDepartment of Radiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MohammadMolazemDepartment of Radiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Mir SepehrPedramDepartment of Radiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MajidMasoudifardDepartment of Radiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ReihanehSoflaeiDepartment of Radiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FarhangSasaniDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230619A 6-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat presented with a history of aphonia, vomiting, regurgitation, chronic purulent nasal discharge, and recurrent signs of respiratory infection. Radiographic examination revealed alveolar lung pattern and generalized megaesophagus at the thoracic and caudal cervical region. Additional examinations by computed tomography and virtual tracheoscopy revealed a large mass on the nasopharyngeal area that occupied about 90% of the tracheal lumen. With the aid of tracheostomy, the mass was removed with traction and sharp excision. According to histopathological findings the mass was diagnosed as nasopharyngeal polyp. A recheck examination performed a week later and the clinical manifestations of the megaesophagus were resolved and also three years later during a phone call, his owner reported he was doing well. To the best of the knowledge of the authors, megaesophagus following nasopharyngeal polyp is only reported in three other cats.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_190691_29f54383242f19908b2745db634eb3e3.pdfIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-303319220241001A Case of Cervical Intramedullary Dirofilaria immitis Associated with Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Dog15215519455910.30500/ivsa.2024.449212.1395ENTohidNasiribariInstitute of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Türkiye.0009-0000-2608-241XZeynep NilüferAkçasızDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Türkiye.0000-0002-0941-6745EbruEravcı YalınDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Türkiye.0000-0002-0941-6745NecatiÖztürkDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Türkiye.0000-0002-7154-0894DamlaHaktanırDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Türkiye.0000-0001-5171-1927AhmetGülçubukDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Türkiye.0000-0002-9722-8831Journal Article20240325<em>Dirofilaria immitis</em>, a globally widespread nematode known for its high mortality rate, primarily infests the cardiovascular system, notably the pulmonary artery and right ventricle. However, since 1856, instances of adult heartworm infestation in atypical sites have been documented, including the eye, peritoneal cavity, subcutaneous region, skeletal muscle, systemic arteries, and the central nervous system (CNS). Dirofilariasis often manifests asymptomatically, but severe cases can lead to respiratory and circulatory complications, even sudden death. Migration of <em>D. immitis</em> to the CNS results in symptoms corresponding to the parasite's location rather than typical heartworm signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in diagnosing CNS parasitic infestations, aiding in lesion evaluation and parasite localization. Additionally, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), originating from Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and perineural cells, are rare neoplasms with high recurrence rates and poor prognoses. While MPNST metastases are infrequent, they have been reported in various animal species and anatomical sites, including the CNS. Here, we present the first documented case of intramedullary <em>D. immitis</em> associated with a nerve sheath tumor in a dog, highlighting the unique intersection of parasitic infestation and neoplastic disease in veterinary medicine.https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_194559_b6267667c24ff894ebe40491ac2d1252.pdf