Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Fetlock in Draught Horses
Mohamed B
Mostafa
Department of Veterinary Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
author
Wahid SEL
Gohary
Department of Veterinary Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
author
Ahamed I.
Abd El-Glil
Department of Veterinary Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Objective- To describe the normal sonographic images of the soft tissues of the dorsal and palmar aspects of the fetlock region in the draught horses.
Design- Descriptive study.
Animals- Five clinically and radiographically normal draught male horses were used during this study.
Procedures- Horses were examined both radiographic and ultrasound ante mortem and post mortem. Based on the proximal sesamoid bones the fetlock region was divided into three zones. Zone I (PSB1) located 4 cm above the sesamoid bone. Zone II (PSB II) located at the level of the sesamoid bones. Zone III (PSBIII) located distal to the sesamoid bones. Measurements of tendon and ligament structures for the three zones were determined by means of electronic calipers. Cross transverse sections for the structures of the three zones were identified.
Results and Conclusion- The fetlock joint is surrounded by soft and hard tissue structures. The gross anatomical, radiographic and Ultrasonographic images were studied. The ultrasound images of the palmar and dorsal aspects were identified and reviewed. The echogenic patterns of the three zones were evaluated. This study provides a detailed knowledge on the normal ultrasound anatomy and measurements of the tendon and ligaments in the three zones. Clinical Relevance- This study is a useful value in the diagnosis of fetlock lameness under clinical conditions.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
9
17
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3211_dc253ca346b77b54740a7f7b5a171c78.pdf
Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Sheep
Hadi
Dadafarid
Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University,
Sciences and Researches Branch, Tehran, Iran.
author
Alireza
Najafpour
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Islamic Azad University Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Objective- To evaluate the effects of bupivacaine (B), ketamine (K), and a combination of bupivacaine and ketamine (BK) after lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep.
Design- Experimental study.
Animals- Nine healthy male and non-pregnant female Iranian Chall sheep with mean body weight of 38.9 ± 15.1 kg.
Procedures- Animals were selected randomly and three treatments administered. The drugs were administered in the lumbosacral epidural space. The onset and duration of analgesia and sedation were determined and heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature, were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after administration. Analgesia was determined by lack of response to pin pricking and pinch test in the skin of caudal areas.
Results- The onset of analgesia was significantly faster in BK than that in B and K alone. Treatments with ketamine, either alone (K) or in combination (BK) lead to mild sedation. The heart rate increased significantly with B treatment at 15 and 20 min, and the respiratory rate showed a significant decrease with K treatment at 10 and 15 min.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Epidural administration of bupivacaine/ketamine combination resulted in fast onset and moderate duration of analgesia of caudal areas. The employed doses in BK treatment probably reduced the side effects observed in B and K treatments. It is concluded that the combination of BK could be used epidurally in sheep to perform operations without any marked side effects.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
19
27
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3212_2d19c85c8d7f6e33cc1d4e81561c6940.pdf
“Rusterholz” Ulcer in Culling Lame Cows: Clinical and Radiographic Interpretation
Mohsen
Nouri
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
Alireza
Vajhi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
Iradj
Nowrouzian
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
Seyyed Hossein
Marjanmehr
Department of Pathology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
Davoud
Faskhoudi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2008
eng
Objective- To investigate and quantitate radiological and clinical changes in tissues and structures of the claws affected by Rusterholz ulcer.
Design- Cross-sectional and Descriptive study
Animal- Seven culled lame cows were affected with “Rusterholz” ulcer
Procedures- Forty one culled lame cows of 1135 culled cows having digital disorders which were randomly selected for clinical and radiographic studies. Seven culled lame cows were affected with “Rusterholz” ulcer. After recording information for each cow, affected digit was amputated and carried to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Radiology Department for more detailed radiographical studies. Four radiographs were taken from each case, and the exposure factors of 85-95 KV, 25 mA in 0/04-0/02 seconds were used. New bone formation, pedal osteitis, osteomyelitis, soft tissue swelling and gas density were indices considered for assessing the severity of the disease.
Results- Radiological examination showed the chronic lesions of sole ulceration were accompanied by alterations in bone structure of phalanx, with soft tissue swelling, new bone formation, osteitis and gas density. In most cases clinical features suggested of chronic laminitis. The “Rusterholz” ulcer was manifested as a painful, purulent discharge from the perforation site and affected cows were lost their weight significantly. In cases with deep sepsis, the swelling was appeared focally in bulb heel of the involving digit.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- According to the result of this study, radiological and clinical information play a significant role in clarifying the predicting lameness treatment or culling the dairy cows suffering from chronic and recurrent lameness.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
29
36
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3213_d98cc70b6e463cc36d2f5207ebf24618.pdf
Pathological and Doppler Ultrasonographic Study of Kidney Hemodynamic Response in Saffron (Crocus sativua) Pretreated Rats
Amin
Derakhshanfar
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
Dariush
Vosough
Department of Clinical Sciences,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
Arash
Bidadkosh
Health Department, Veterinary Supervision of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Objective- To evaluate kidney hemodynamic response including blood flow velocity in segmental arteries shortly after administration of various dose of saffron extract (10, 40 and 90 mg/kg).
Design- Technical assessment, experimental study.
Animals- 20 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Procedures- In this study, using a real-time pulsed doppler analysis, kidney hemodynamic response including blood flow velocity in segmental arteries shortly after administration of various doses of saffron (10, 40 and 90 mg/kg) was investigated and eventually the data represented for each group were interpreted into tissue changes blindly.
Results- Saffron at a dose of 10 mg/kg significantly increased renal blood flow with minimum tissue side effects, while at the higher doses it was remarkably associated with tissue lesions such as ATN and glomerulopathy. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Saffron is a scarce and valuable crop because of the stigma’s charming fragrance and pleasant flavor, the aroma of which is naturally furnished by a desirable golden color when dried. Due to innate therapeutic properties, it has been a focus of interest for modern pharmacological studies to comprehensively recognize the advantages of using saffron, in the light of its low toxicity and powerful anti-oxidant properties. Beyond direct effects on the epithelial cell function, saffron significantly enhances vascular blood flow, resulting in an indirect control towards cardiovascular system.
In conclusion, saffron therapy is recommended in ischemic conditions. The preferred doses ranged between 10 to 40 mg/kg. At the dose of 10 mg/kg lower tissue side effects is expected.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
37
43
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3214_a5e9fffa9d6aa1bd66856e2ca9733399.pdf
Partial Resurfacing of the Distal Femoral Cartilage Defect with Stem Cell- Seeded Poly-Vinyl-Alcohol (PVA) Scaffold
Davood
Sharifi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Pejman
Mortazavi
Department of Pathology, Islamic Azad University,
Research and Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran.
author
Mohammad Mehdi
Dehghan
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Parviz
Tajik
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Mohammad
Abedi
Department of Pathology, Islamic Azad University,
Research and Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran.
author
Masoud
Soleimani
Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences,
Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Objective- To evaluate the biological compatibility of differentiated stem cells embedded in poly-vinyl-alcohol (PVA) scaffolds for repair of distal femoral cartilage defect.
Design- Experimental in vivo study.
Animals- Twelve adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used which were divided into two groups (I, II) six rabbits each.
Procedures- Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from humerus bone marrow of group I rabbits and were cultured and differentiated on PVA scaffolds to chondrocytes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed well distribution of the cells inside the scaffold. A 4 mm diameter full thickness cartilage defect was created on central region of bilateral distal femoral joint surface (patellar groove) in all rabbits. In group (I) the defects were covered with autologous differentiated MSCs-seeded scaffolds; whereas the group II rabbits were left without any treatment as control ones. One month and three months after operation, three rabbits were sacrificed from each group, randomly. Histopathologic evaluation of defects was performed with H&E and trichrome staining.
Results- The findings showed that in the engineered cartilage with the PVA scaffold, the defects were filled with smooth, shiny white tissue macroscopically at three months after the transplantation. Despite much connective tissue formed in defect area after three months, there was no evidence of chondrocytes in control group, whereas the defects of experimental group were almost completely filled with hyaline cartilage.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- The results indicated there is positive possibility for partial resurfacing of cartilage defect using stem cell-seeded PVA scaffolds
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
45
57
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3215_b1adb65b2f34c4347fb54b83983c977d.pdf
Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Cats under Six-Month-Old of Ahvaz
Abdolvahed
Moarrabi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
Bahman
Mosallanejad
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
Gholamhossein
Khadjeh
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
Babak
Noorani
Student of Veterinary Medicine,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Objective- To determine the prevalence of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) in companion and stray cats of Ahvaz.
Design- Clinical study.
Animals- 80 cats (companion=40 and stray=40)
Procedures- This survey was accomplished during a two-year period and based on clinical, radiographic and laboratory findings between 2005 and 2007. The studied cats were divided into two general group (companion and stray) and based on age into groups ≤ 3 months and 3- 6 months. Status of nutrition was studied from using of milk and other dairy products (as a source of calcium). In our survey nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in seven cases. The measured biochemical parameters included calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
Results- The most radiographic findings were thin cortex, pathological fractures, constipation, decreased bone density and pelvic and column vertebral deformity. Level of ALP was high in some affected and healthy cats, but difference was not significant (P> 0.05). Calcium and phosphorus were in normal range both groups. Also, on statistical analysis (ANOVA), there was no significant differences between different sexes and companion and stray cats (P>0.05). Nevertheless, prevalence was significantly higher in some companion cats that were fed with high phosphorus and low calcium, as well as in cat's ≤ 3 months (P< 0.05).
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism is common partly in Iran, where many cats are fed mainly meat diets. This study showed importance of balanced nutrition special calcium and phosphorus in cats ≤ 3 months.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
59
65
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3216_d727ebd533fb78596abe316a3813c736.pdf
Comparison of the Use of Mask or Chamber in Inducing Anesthesia with Isoflurane in Rabbits
Navid
Salmanzadeh
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Islamic Azad University,Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran.
author
Azin
Tavakoli
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Islamic Azad University,Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran.
author
Jalal
Bakhtiari
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Asadullah
Kariman
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Masoomeh
Shahabuddin
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Objective- To study the effects of Isoflurane in inducing anesthesia and comparing mask and chamber induction anesthesia in rabbits for the first trial in Iran.
Design- Experimental design.
Animals- 20 female adult New Zealand White rabbits.
Procedures- Animals were divided randomly into two groups. A 40 cm3 Chamber was used in group A with 4-5% concentration of isoflurane and a face mask was used in group B with 1-1.5% concentration of isoflurane to induce anesthesia. The concentration of isoflurane increased in 30 second intervals since reached to 4%. Routine ovariohysterectomy was performed in both groups. Duration of induction and recovery, apneuastic period and volume of consumed isoflurane were measured in both groups.
Results- Mean duration of induction of anesthesia was significantly shorter in group B in comparison to group A (P<0.05). Apneuastic duration was lasting 10 to 90 sec. The volume of isoflurane delivered to animals was significantly lower in group B (7.1±1.2 ml) compared with group A (24.7±6.6 ml) (P<0.05). The mean duration of recovery was not significantly different in group A compared to group B (P>0.05).
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- As concluded use of isoflurane to induce anesthesia in rabbits is feasible and safe in case of available equipments. Mask induction seems more appropriate to induce anesthesia than chamber.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
67
72
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3217_e37a08b9d5db7088cd1f8ae657e3077c.pdf
Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Bronchial Tree of the Jebeer Gazelle
Seyed Mohsen
Sajjadian
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
Bahador
Shojaei
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
Mohammad Mehdi
Molaei
Department of Clinical Sciences,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Objectives- to provide a reference anatomy of the bronchial tree of the Jebeer Gazelle by using computed tomographic modality.
Design- Experimental study.
Animals- Three female Jebeer Gazelle
Procedures- Spiral CT images were taken from the thoracic region perpendicular to long axis of the body. CT windows were adjusted as necessary to have optimized images of pulmonary organ. The images were studied serially and compared anatomically with two dissected goat and sheep.
Results- Trachea, lobar and some segmental bronchi were identified and labeled according to thoracic vertebrae as landmarks
Conclusions and clinical relevance- The results of this study can help better understanding of the lung and bronchial tree in a live animal. Keywords: Jebeer, Gazelle, Anatomy, Computed Tomography, Bronchial tree, Lung
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
73
80
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3218_b3a1f367cd3b1c87efcd419eb1620df4.pdf
Assessment of the Lens Anterior–Posterior Diameter as Compared with the Eye Globe by Ultrasonography in Rabbit
Abbas
Veshkini
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Mohammad
Riyaziesfahani
Eye Research Centre, Farabi Eye Hospital, Faculty of Medicine,
Medical University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Majid
Masoudifard
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Alireza
Vajhi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Farrokhreza
Kabir
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences,
Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
author
Voriya
Touhidi
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences,
Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Objective- Assessment of the lens anterior-posterior (AP) diameter as compared with the eye globe by ultrasonography in rabbit.
Design- Descriptive study.
Animals- 120 male and female rabbits, two months to four years old, and weighting between 300 to 1500gr.
Procedures- 2D ultrasonography of the eyes was performed and AP diameter of the eyes and lens were measured using Sonosite Titan Ultrasound equipment.
Results- In the obtained 2D images, the eye parts were showed a distinct anechogenic to hypoechogenic structure. Details of the eyes compartments were observed by 2D transducers. Anterior and posterior lens capsules and optic discs were hyperechogenic. The average AP diameter of lenses was 0.6175 cm and of the eye globes was 1.4789 cm.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- The 2D ultrasonography give useful images for teaching and diagnostic purposes such as eye globe and lens lesions or diameter changes. The average of lens AP diameter in comparison with the globe was 0.4165.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
81
84
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3219_be5a41fcc0aa06529e3c757bc32b8496.pdf
Gingival Hemangioma in a Sheep
Daryoush
Mohajeri
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University,Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Ghafour
Mousavi
Department of Clinical Sciences,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Islamic Azad University,Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Ali
Rezaie
Department of Clinical Sciences,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Islamic Azad University,Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Case Description- A five-year-old Iranian cross-breed ewe with a dark red and soft mass on gingiva of mandibular region was presented to the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Macroscopically, a dark red, pedunculated, round-shaped and soft mass less than 1.5 centimeters on gingival compartment of right midlateral edge was observed. Temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were not clinically abnormal.
Treatment and Outcome- The abnormal mass was removed surgically by local anesthesia. Histopathological examinations confirmed the occurrence of gingival hemangioma.
Clinical Relevance- Hemangiomas have been recorded in cattle, horses, sheep, swine and fowls, but it is only in cats and dogs that frequency of occurrence has been estimated.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
85
89
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3220_77751a844560b84d0e0694d8dbabd5b7.pdf
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma in a Pigeon
Amin
Derakhshanfar
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
Mohammad Mehdi
Oloumi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Case Description- A pigeon with an abnormal mass on right wing was referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
Treatment and Outcome- The mass was removed surgically and histopathologic examination was done. Microscopic findings revealed a stori-form pattern of atypical and pleomorphic spindle-shape tumor cells with histiocytes and too many thick wall capillaries. Some bizarre cells, giant cells and lymphocytes along with collagenous stroma were seen. According to characteristic histopathologic features malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) was diagnosed.
Clinical Relevance- MFH originates from a primitive mesenchymal stem cell is most frequently seen in the dog. This is the first report of MFH in birds.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
91
95
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3221_0da386ea860c6887a35174ca2f17b8d4.pdf
Generalized Subcutaneous Emphysema Following Debarking via Laryngofissure Approach in a Dog
Hamidreza
Fattahian
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences,
Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
author
Hooman
Molookpour
Dr. Hooman’s Small Animal Private Clinic, Tehran, Iran.
author
Hamid
Mohyeddin
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Semnan, Iran.
author
Meysam
Tehrani Sharif
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Semnan, Iran.
author
Alireza
Baghestan
Jam Small Animal Private Clinic, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2008
eng
Case Description- Seventeen dogs (fifteen adult small breed dogs and two adult large breed dogs) who tolerated ventriculocordectomy operation in small animal clinics.
Treatment and Outcome- Induction of anesthesia was done using routine anesthetic agants. After dorsal recumbency, incision of ventral midline cervical skin (thyroid region), the entire vocal folds and cords were removed. The incision line was sutured in layers. There was no post- operative complication in 16 dogs and all dogs were muted but generalized subcutaneous emphysema was observed in one dog (toy terrier breed) within a few hours after operation.
Clinical Relevance- Authors of the present clinical study met generalized subcutaneous emphysema formation in one dog out of 17 muted dogs by laryngofissure approach as a new post-operative complication.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-3033
03
v.
1
no.
2008
97
101
https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3222_9c875421cb1a4db4c2770248e7c5a2b3.pdf